The copyright and other intellectual property rights in this document are owned by CADTH and its licensors. OBJECTIVE To examine resident-perceived effects of introducing a pediatric admission order set (PAOS) on the . Guidelines for standard order sets. We encouraged the physicians to take an evidence-based approach, and we sought input from appropriate specialists. LJ. This document may contain links to third-party websites. Were currently have 29 admission orders ensure cover to conditions our family physicians most frequently encounter inside the hospital. Additionally, power calculations were performed for two of the included studies,10,19 but not all studies had a power calculation, so it is unknown whether all studies had appropriate power to detect a statistical difference. 06/08/2020 //2020 Care Collaborative ADMISSION ORDERS: Presumed or Positive COVID-19 RN Noting Orders Date Time PHYSICIAN'S ORDERS MUST BE SIGNED BY PROVIDER Lab Tests on Admission -Continued EKG 12 lead EKG daily NOTE if QTc interval is >470 Consider Hepatitis panel if LFT's elevated Glucose (if <70 or >300 contact provider for orders) POC glucose AC and bedtime We can also access the forms at our clinic and at our urgent care department, where many of our admissions originate. If patients have renal impairment (CrCl <30 mL/min) or are at the extremes of body weight (BMI <20 kg/m2 or >35 kg/m2) dose adjustments may be required, especially for low molecular weight heparins. JS, Zink J, Eby However, many studies used educational campaigns to facilitate uptake of the new order sets which may have influenced physicians to be more aware of their prescribing patterns and dosages. Our physicians are not need to use orders for every admission Each patient presents with a exclusive situation both should be address accordingly at that physicians discretion. Power calculation performed with 80% power and 0.05 alpha, Appropriate two-sample/paired statistical analyses conducted, with non-parametric medians used due to skewed data, Order sets tested with different physician groups, increasing potential generalizability of results, Order set use by each individual physician was voluntary, so adherence may have been an issue, Monthly statistics on order set use were posted in clinical areas, which may have influenced order set use. Unique: Unique tests do not include overlapping elements and are defined by CPT code set. Use a CIWA protocol (see below) to administer benzodiazepines with or without adjunctive haloperidol. Ottawa: CADTH; 2019 Jul. In patients with bronchiolitis and pneumonia, LOS was also reduced, from 2.37 days to 2.04 days and 2.30 days to 2.10 days respectively, although reduction in LOS for pneumonia was not significant (P = 0.083 for pneumonia, P < 0.05 for bronchiolitis).11, 30-day readmissions were reduced for patients with pneumonia, asthma, and bronchiolitis, but changes were not statistically significant..11, For respiratory distress, in pediatric patients less than one year of age requiring enteral nutrition (EN), initiation of EN within 48 hours was significantly higher in groups using SOS (81% vs. 63%, P < 0.01) and time to initiation of EN was significantly shorter (1.3 days vs. 1.7 days, P < 0.0001) when comparing a SOS within an EHR to a CPOE with no SOS.21 Weight gain for infants was significantly larger in the SOS group (140 g vs. 80 g, P = 0.001) and LOS was shorter in the pediatric intensive care unit (156 hours vs 202 hours, P < 0.0001).21 Total hospital LOS was longer in the SOS group (8.7 days vs. 8.4 days) but this was not statistically significant. To help decay unnecessary variability int our caution, we designed an series on admission orders for common hospital admissions. The Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health (CADTH) does not endorse any information, drugs, therapies, treatments, products, processes, or services. Sophia Print length 156 pages Language English Publisher AuthorHouse Publication date September 2, 2010 Dimensions A, Wilson DR, Reed JAMA Intern Med 2015; 175:512. Eight SOSs were delivered in an electronic format,10,1417,19,21 with six studies exclusively including an SOS in a CPOE.9,1517,19 Three studies used a combination of paper-based and electronic SOSs,12 or originally started with paper-based SOSs and switched to electronic during the study period.13,20 Two studies used exclusively paper-based or pre-printed SOSs.8,18 One study did not specify the format of the order set.11, All studies compared SOSs to ordering without a SOS.821 The majority of these studies defined their comparator as no order sets, usual care, or pre-implementation.1012,1420 Two studies compared SOSs to non-standardized/diverse order sets,13 or handwritten orders,8 and one study compared SOSs within an electronic health record (EHR) to solely CPOE without order sets.21 One study compared SOSs within CPOE and EHR to solely EHR with no CPOE/SOS.9, Six studies reported on hospital length of stay,10,11,14,16,17,19 seven studies on readmission rates,10,11,13,14,16,17,19 and seven on mortality.810,16,17,19,21 Other reported outcomes included rate of prescribing errors,8,10 changes to symptom management or medications,18,20 appropriate medication dosages or monitoring,12,15,20 complications810,12 comfort at time of death,18 and hospitalization cost per patient.11. Brown Condom catheters can be useful for those who have difficulty using a urinal, or cannot tolerate Foley catheters. A, Alvarez Days of total systemic corticosteroids, (mean SD). KJ, Kumar Evidence from fourteen non-randomized studies suggest that standardized order sets implemented in the acute setting reduced hospital length of stay, reduced mortality, and reduced medication errors. Adults (> 18 years of age) who visited an ED that resulted in a hospitalized for ischemic stroke, IV tPA administration Hospital acquired pneumonia Short term mortality, Pediatric patients 1 month to 17 years with primary diagnosis of asthma, bronchiolitis, or pneumonia, Evidence based order sets and an asthma clinical care pathway, Hospitalization cost per patient Mean LOS, Pre-implementation from January 2008 to December 2009, Implementation from January 2010 to December 2011*, *pre-education and implementation occurred in September 2009 and October 2009 respectively, Patients aged 18 years and older who received a dose of vancomycin, Vancomycin weight-based electronic order set, Vancomycin doses in critically ill patients, Patients (< 18 years) with primary or secondary diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia, City and suburban community care hospitals, Hospital admissions (<18 years) with prior diagnosis of type II diabetes, Gallup Indian Medical Center, rural hospital, Insulin order set (originally paper then electronic), Use of any basal insulin during hospitalization, Change in use of non-recommended insulin regimens, Change in orders for oral antihyperglycemic agents during admission, Glycemic control (mean daily blood glucose and hypoglycemia, both moderate (blood glucose <70 mg/dL) and severe (blood glucose <40 mg/dL)), 4-month period before implementation (January 2011, to April 2011), 4-month period after implementation (January 2012, to April 2012), AECOPD = acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CDST = clinical decision support tool; CHF = coronary heart failure; COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CPOE = clinical provider/physician ordered entry; CRS = clinical respiratory score; DKA = diabetic ketoacidosis; ED = emergency department; EHR = electronic health record; EHS = electronic health system; EN = enteral nutrition; EOL = end of life; GesTIO = management of insulin therapy in hospital; GIM = general internal medicine; ICU = intensive care unit; IV = intravenous; LOS = length of stay; PCCT = palliative care consult team; tPA = tissue plasminogen activator; RCT = randomized controlled trial; SOS = standardized order set, Intervention of interest described with attached order set, Inclusion and exclusion criteria of patients clear, As components were introduced separately at different time periods, it is clear to see the specific impact each component has on the outcomes, P values for multiple comparisons were adjusted using Bonferroni correction. Hospitalist - Impression- Plan : Int Med Hospitalist - Progress Note: Int Med Hospitalist . Consider using ultrasound to place a peripheral IV. This report expands on a previous CADTH report, Standardized Hospital Order Sets in Acute Care: Clinical Evidence, Cost-Effectiveness, and Guidelines, published in 2019.5. Effectiveness of inpatient insulin order sets using human insulins in noncritically ill patients in a rural hospital. If the patient is already anticoagulated on another medications such as warfarin or a DOAC, they do not require additional DVT ppx. Currency not stated in report. Hypoglycemic events did not appear to differ between SOS groups and no SOS groups in patients with diabetes. Ballard Liberati K, MacNeil The orders were then formatted using a standard template to ensure that routine issues such as diet, activity, prn medications, etc., were covered. Make sure he or she is taking the listed medications. Articles discussing CPOEs as an intervention with no information describing the included order set were excluded. The effects of an electronic order set on vancomycin dosing in the ED. Assess patient readiness to quit and consult respiratory therapy for education/counseling. What is the cost-effectiveness of the use of standardized hospital order sets in the acute care setting? the order to admit if he or she also fulfills one of the direct patient care roles, such as the admitting physician of record. A standardized admission order set is a simple, low-cost intervention that residents believe may benefit patients by reducing medical errors and expediting high-quality care. Approach to Inpatient Death and Sunset Rounds. We also added the consideration for DVT prophylaxis as appropriate in patients with decreased mobility. (E) Indication for intravenous insulin infusion among nonpregnant adults with hyperglycemia include: The orders are intended to provide a framework for treating patients and planning a course of care. The information in this document should not be used as a substitute for professional medical advice or as a substitute for the application of clinical judgment in respect of the care of a particular patient or other professional judgment in any decision-making process. AB, Montero These one-size-fits-all orders limit nurses from using their clinical training and create unnecessary tensions as nurses are obligated to call covering hospitalists to address "abnormal" but clinically . J, Wynnychuk [ 18]Standardized admission order sets have been used in other diseases with variable success at reducing hospital LOS. G, Duffy medicine, which belongs part of a large multispecialty clinic, we care on our hospitalized invalids with an "internal hospitalist" program. Variation in hospital management of patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) may prolong length of stay, increasing the risk of hospital-acquired complications and worsening quality of life. This is unclear if this was at the time of the refined discharge order set implementation. Clinical decision support tools and a standardized order set enhances early enteral nutrition in critically ill children. During our most recent round the updates, we added new orders to stasis heart failure and pancreatitis (see "Admit orders") and made minor edit to pre-existing orders. Ansari Stroke management may have changed over the course of the study and time-related confounding may have been an issue, Other confounding factors such as severity of stroke symptoms may have influenced the use of the stroke order set, Demographics of included patients were not tested statistically, Statistical test likely appropriate for data. This difference was driven mainly by the hospitalist subgroup.19 All-cause hospital readmission did not significantly differ between the groups at 30 days or 90 days in either study.14,19, In adult patients with pneumonia, the odds of a patient dying without the use of SOS compared with the odds of a patient dying with the use of SOS was 1.787 (95% CI 1.170 to 2.730).17 A chi-squared statistical test failed to find a significant difference in mortality between the SOS group and control (P = 0.061), but a Fishers exact test found slight significance (P = 0.05).17 The percentage of patients returning to the hospital after 30 days was significantly lower in the SOS group when compared with the control (odds ratio [OR] = 1.362, 95% CI 1.015 to 1.827, P [chi square] = 0.039, P [Fishers] = 0.041). SOSs differed in each study based on the indication or disease area they were intended to be used for. Using Standardized Admit Orders to Improve Inpatient Care, in page 30 of that issue. If there is a checked order that you DO NOT want, please strike through the order. J, Shoolin D. Order nicotine replacement therapy (patch, lozenge, gum) to help reduce cravings during hospitalization. Pendharkar Many overnight preliminary reads change upon the final attending physicians read. A unique source is a clinician in one group or different specialty or unique entity. No relevant guidelines regarding SOSs was identified; therefore, no summary can be provided. No significant difference in hypertension, diabetes, CHF, coronary artery disease, obstructive sleep apnea. One study analyzed each addition to the intervention separately from another to attempt to combat this bias.13 In this study, initially the intervention was paper based SOS, then switched to SOS in a CPOE, then a CPOE SOS with a revised discharge checklist. Our experience using the standard admission orders over the past two years has been very positive. SOS independently associated with LOS (beta = 0.92, P = 0.006), when adjusted for age, sex, race, and smoking status. Standardized orders also how us prevents errors by giving about easy access at to company were need regarding medication doses real labs for each condition. Standardized hospital order sets in acute care: a review of clinical evidence, cost-effectiveness, and guidelines. This makes interpretation of this outcome very difficult. K, Battles Sophia Kangarlu. ( ) Refer to Observation Routine, ONE TIME Admission Service: Admission Level of Care: Admission Diagnosis: Attending Physician: Comments: Informational: Observation orders require a documented Plan of Care from the ordering practitioner Starting *D2108* *D2108* THE CHRIST HOSPITAL CINCINNATI, OHIO 45219 Despite this, four studies were conducted in Canada, and the remaining studies in the USA, which may assist in generalizability to a North American context.8,12,18,19. C, Stilos Use of third-party sites is governed by the third-party website owners own terms and conditions set out for such sites. Assess patient's use of tobacco. ANES Anesthesia Low Dose Ketamine for Post Op Pain Plan 20335 QM0316 PP 042517: . H2RA = histamine-2 receptor antagonist, PPI = proton pump inhibitor. Dayal At 2 a.m., locating the correct dose of acetylcysteine for an acetaminophen overdose using our standardized orders is much easier than trying to locate it in a textbook. By our 15-physician department of family medicine, which belongs part of a large multispecialty clinic, we care on our hospitalized invalids with an internal hospitalist program. Retrospective study design does not consider impact of time on groups care from pre-intervention may differ slightly from care in post-intervention (i.e., history threats to validity). The order canbe written in advance of the formal admission (e.g., for a prescheduled surgery), but the S, Fung Note: Assuming US dollars. If a patient doesnt know what medications they take, consider using resources including past discharge summaries, computerized medication lists, conversations with a patients PCP, and records from a patients outpatient pharmacy to confirm their medication regimen. Many of these patients problems were relatively routine, while others were less common or more complex and, therefore, more difficult for our admitting physicians to manage. Active cancer (including patients with local or distant metastases or who within the past 6 months have had chemotherapy or radiotherapy), Previous VTE (excludes superficial vein thrombosis), Reduced mobility (includes bed rest with bathroom privileges for at least 3 days), Acute myocardial infarction or ischemic stroke, Acute infection and/or rheumatologic disorder. CADTH is not responsible for any errors, omissions, injury, loss, or damage arising from or relating to the use (or misuse) of any information, statements, or conclusions contained in or implied by the contents of this document or any of the source materials. Using Standardized Allow Orders to Enhancing Inpatient Care, November/December 1999, 30 Standardized Hospital Admittance Orders, October 2001. Multiple results of one unique test reviewed at a visit count for one test. Strengths and Limitations of Clinical Studies using Downs and Black Checklist. Sample size was smaller in comparison to other studies of the same type (n = 70), which may have contributed to a lack of statistical significance. Errors in medication dosages and types were also generally lower with the use of order sets, and complications were not generally different between the groups. AC, Yoo Changes are reviewed by the BHCS Pharmacy and Therapeutics and Patient Safety Committees. The hospital administration and staff own are very receptive; in fact, the hospital has even designed some of its standard ordering sets to match ours. SD, Nichols Additional references of potential interest are provided in Appendix 5. S, Zouk CG, Castano Once risk for withdrawal assessed, determine need for initiation of alcohol withdrawal treatment. Go to "Medical Admission Order Set IP Gen Med" (IP stands for inpatient) ii. K, Estrada Further research addressing SOSs in different indications may help to reduce uncertainty regarding generalizability. These comprised 14 non-randomized studies. No relevant evidence regarding cost effectiveness of SOSs was identified; therefore, no summary regarding cost-effectiveness can be provided. This material may not otherwise be downloaded, copied, printed, stored, transmitted or reproduced in any medium, whether now known or later invented, except as authorized in writing by the AAFP. All PCPs should be contacted, preferably within 24 hours of admission. The views and opinions of third parties published in this document do not necessarily state or reflect those of CADTH. Book excerpt: Hospitalist Admission Order Sets Related Books Language: en Pages: 160 Hospitalist Admission Order Sets Authors: Sophia Kangarlu MS. Inquire regarding allergies and the specific reaction to each listed medication allergy. 5. With no direct control group occurring simultaneously, unknown if downward trend already occurring intervention would have continued occurring without introduction of the intervention, Values below 10 h and above 100h were excluded from the analysis but this was not justified (there were several values above and below these points), Use of the CPOE/checklists was not mandatory, therefore adherence was an issue e.g., use rate was ~85% for the CPOE over the study period, Statistical tests described and appropriate (Mann-Whitney U test). This may have been an issue in some studies included in this report,913,20,21 with one study having a three-year delay between collection of control data and collection of intervention data.15 If a primary treatment, methods in providing treatment, attitudes of physicians, or other variables changed between collection of data for controls (pre-implementation) and intervention (post-implementation), these variables may have biased the results. Date: Time . Eventually, all of our physicians began to share this responsibility one week at a time, which left each of our doctors having a fairly intensive inpatient experience every three to four months. D. MB, Southern Pairwise comparisons between study periods: All significant (adjusted P < 0.05), except P2 vs. P3 (P = 0.83), Change in LOS was affected by the study period (P1,2,3,4) i.e., slope of linear regression depended on which study period observed (significant, P = 0.015), LOS tended to decrease within each process improvement period Page 9, During P1, a one-year increase in time was associated with a 38% decrease in LOS, P = 0.054, During P2, a one-year increase in time was associated with a 7.2% decrease in LOS, P = 0.56, During P3, a one-year increase in time was associated with a 37% decrease in LOS, P = 0.02, During P4, a one-year increase in time was associated with a 4% increase in LOS, P = 0.33, Time to beta-agonist or steroid administration, No statistically significant improvement or deterioration of time to therapeutics over observation time-period, Comparisons of P2, P3, and P4 non-significant, P 0.064, Significant decrease between beginning and end of study period P = 0.008, We observed a substantial reduction in hospital length of stay associated with utilization of an evidence based, best practice asthma management pathway incorporating a CRS, first via paper order sets and then within CPOE, combined with a tool to expedite appropriate discharge. 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