On the death of Marcellus in 40 she was married to Mark Antony, who at the time was ruling the Roman state with Octavian and Marcus Aemilius Lepidus. Read more: The gens Octavia was a plebeian family at ancient Rome, which was raised to patrician status by Caesar during the first century BC. But as with the tale of Echo and Narcissus (see below), this is a doomed love story made more famous through Roman writers (Ovid, Virgil) than Greek originals. *NB Virgils name is also sometimes spelt Vergil.. Octavia spent much of her childhood travelling with her parents. Discover the names of the star Goddesses and the regions that they came from. There is some evidence that Virgil wrote it first in prose, before developing the poetic version. Ventidius, meanwhile, pushed the Parthians out of Asia Minor in 40 and drove them back beyond the Euphrates River (3938). His grandfather, one of the leading orators of his day, was a consul and censor who was vividly portrayed as a speaker inCicerosDe oratore(55). The triumvirs had agreed to divide the empire, so Antony proceeded to take up the administration of the eastern provinces. Conversely, the Warrior may appeal to you if you want to celebrate the victories you have achieved in a just cause or slaying your inner demons. She is depicted with four arms, in one she carries a sword and another the head of a demon. BCE), his first 7. [7][8], A few other persons named Octavius were not descended from Gnaeus Octavius Rufus, or whose descent cannot be traced. If you are drawn to work with this goddess Archetype you may require the Warrior spirit to help you to stand up for your rights and set firm boundaries. Pax - (Roman) - She was the personification of peace in Roman mythology. [21] Augustus also had the Roman senate declare his sister to be a goddess. alliance with Octavian by marrying the latter's recently widowed Roman women and triumviral politics, 43-37 B.C., Erhart, K. P. A new portrait type of Octavia Minor (? After initial skirmishes, Antony and Octavian were reconciled at Brundisium (present-day Brindisi) and, since Fulvia had died in the meantime, Antony married Octavians sister, Octavia. La Trobe University provides funding as a member of The Conversation AU. In 42 Gaius Cassius and Marcus Brutus, defeated in two battles at Philippi (Macedonia) in which Antony distinguished himself as commander, killed themselves and, with these acts, the republican cause. [21] She was one of the first Roman women to have coins minted bearing her image; only Antony's previous wife Fulvia pre-empted her. That was the last time she saw her husband, and Antony everything east. The shadow warrior can also represent people who choose to be mercenaries, fighting wars for money and glory. The pace of poetic creativity could be very slow. The story in the Aeneid is that many generations later - after the sack of Troy - Aeneas leads his people back to Italy as a kind of new Dardanus. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Then Lepidus and Octavian annexed Africa. wintering with Cleopatra in Alexandria (41-40 Even though the Aeneid is a foundation narrative where the Trojans struggle to find a new home after the destruction of their city, it is important to stress that it is also a return (that is, a Greek nostos). John Murray: printed by Spottiswoode and Co., New-Street Square and Parliament Street. The descendants of the younger Gnaeus held many of the higher magistracies, but the descendants of Gaius remained simple equites, who did not rise to any importance. - f., the younger son of Gnaeus Octavius Rufus, he was a simple eques, who never attempted to rise any higher in the state. Antony and Octavia went to Athens, where they were deified; Antony was declared the New Dionysus, mystic god of wine, happiness, and immortality. [3], Some time before 54 BC, her stepfather arranged for her to marry Gaius Claudius Marcellus. The time-traveling young heroine, Octavia, jumping from present day Greece to ancient Greece added another fascinating facet to the adventure. - After 36 BC, Octavia returned to Rome with the daughters of her second marriage. After this Caesar left him in charge of Italy during the Spanish campaign. Ona'tas, Ona'tas 15 Mar. Badb(Irish) - A shape- shifting goddess who symbolizes life, death, wisdom and inspiration. London. When Dante first sees the shade of Virgil he greets him in a way that could hardly be more fulsome: Are you then that Virgil, and that fountain, that pours out so great a river of speech? Mr. Castagno's knowledge of Greek history, mythology and geography, along with his superb writing skills are clearly illustrated in "Octavia and the Greek Key". The final scene of the Aeneid tends to polarise critical views on the basic thrust of the poem. Cleopatra needed Antony to revive the old boundaries of her kingdom, and Antony neededEgyptas a source of supplies and funds. Suetonius, "The Life of Augustus," 1 (J. C. Rolfe, Translator). They reflect the many different faces of war from the pointless death and destruction of war to the glories of victory. Lucius Octavius C. f. Laenas, son of the curator of the aqueducts and father of the consul of 131 AD. They afterwards passed over to the plebeians, until the patrician rank was again conferred upon them by Caesar. All rights reserved. The English poet W.H. Octavia was the daughter of Gaius Octavius and his second wife, Atia. The only work of its kind to survive from classical antiquity, the Library of Apollodorus is a unique guide to Greek mythology, from the origins of the universe to the Trojan War.. Apollodorus' Library has been used as a source book by classicists from the time of its compilation in the 1st-2nd century BC to the present, influencing writers from antiquity to Robert Graves. On the death of Marcellus in 40 she was married to Mark Antony, who at the time was ruling the Roman state with Octavian and Marcus Aemilius Lepidus. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. [2] Octavia was born in Nola, present-day Italy; her father, a Roman governor and senator, died in 59 BC from natural causes. Gnaeus Octavius L. f., a senator in 129 BC. All Rights Reserved. Augustus, after all, seems to have been a generous patron of the poet, and a certain amount of text-specific adulation might have been expected. William Smith. The figure of the deserted heroine was a favourite theme in Greek myth and literature, and Virgil duly draws on it for his depiction of Dido. Potter, David S., The Roman Empire at Bay: AD 180-395 (2004), pg. Octavia and her first husband had one son and two daughters who survived to adulthood. Anut(Egyptian) - A warrior goddess, defender of the Sun God and protector or the Pharoah in battle. A highly fictionalized version of Octavia's early life is depicted in the 2005 television series Rome, in which Octavia of the Julii (Kerry Condon) seduces and sleeps with her younger brother, Gaius Octavian, has a lesbian affair with Servilia of the Junii (the series' version of Servilia) and a romantic relationship with Marcus Agrippa (based on the historical Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa), none of which has any historical basis. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Octavia-wife-of-Mark-Antony. Priam was ultimately willing to accept the abduction of Helen, due to the Greeks' refusal to return Hesione. Antony & Marcus Octavius Ligur, father-in-law of Publius Luicus Gamala. Plutarch, Parallel In many ways the Aeneid is written in emulation of Homers works by a poet who may have known them off by heart (that is my view, anyway). 1873 - probably the printing date. Antony sent her back because she arrived with almost none of the troops Antony had lent Octavian. Lucius Octavius L. f. Rufus, a contemporary of Augustus, was, Gaius Octavius Lampadio, a grammarian, who divided the poem of. Human heroes including Heracles (aka Hercules), the adventurer who performed 12 impossible labors for King Eurystheus (and was subsequently worshipped as a god for his accomplishment); Pandora, the first woman, whose curiosity brought evil to mankind; Pygmalion, the king who fell in love with an ivory statue; Arachne, the weaver who was turned into a spider for her arrogance; handsome Trojan prince Ganymede who became the cupbearer for the gods; Midas, the king with the golden touch; and Narcissus, the young man who fell in love with his own reflection are just as significant. In June 44 the Senate granted him north and central Gaul and northern Italy as his province for five years. Octavia the Younger (Latin: Octavia Minor; c. 66 BC 11 BC) was the elder sister of the first Roman Emperor, Augustus (known also as Octavian), the half-sister of Octavia the Elder, and the fourth wife of Mark Antony. Morrigan(Irish) A terrifying crow goddess associated with war and death. Ju'lius, Ocella Write an article and join a growing community of more than 162,800 academics and researchers from 4,598 institutions. Latin Baby Names Meaning: In Latin Baby Names the meaning of the name Octavia is: Born Eighth. The Aeneid is written in dactylic hexameters, the same metre as the two Homeric poems - the Iliad and Odyssey (although it is written in Latin, not in ancient Greek). Suetonius says she died in Augustus' 54th year, thus 11 BC with Roman inclusive counting. His father was called Creticus because of his military operations in Crete. Rome. Writers such as the 2nd-century BC Greek mythographer Apollodorus of Athens and the 1st-century BC Roman historian Gaius Julius Hyginus compiled the ancient myths and legends for contemporary audiences. Although Octavia brought troops and money to him (35), he refused to see her, and in 32 he obtained a divorce. In Augustus' rebuilding of Rome as a city of marble, Octavia was featured. Priam then sent Paris and Aeneas to retrieve her, but Paris got sidetracked and instead brought back Helen, queen of Sparta and wife of Menelaus. Bast(Egyptian) - The war goddess of the Lower Niles, she protected the Pharaoh and his warriors during battle. Od. According to this ancient author, the three sisters, Sthenno, Euryale, and Medusa, were the children of Phorcys and Ceto and lived "beyond famed Oceanus at the world's edge hard by Night". Priam wanted to use Helen as a bargain to retrieve his sister. The Theogony tells the story of the universes journey from nothingness (Chaos, a primeval void) into being, and details an elaborate family tree of elements, gods and goddesses who evolved from Chaos and descended from Gaia (Earth), Ouranos (Sky), Pontos (Sea) and Tartaros (the Underworld). , In this illustration, Mars is depicted on horseback. Full search Octavia died of natural causes. 2023, A&E Television Networks, LLC. Marcellus was a man of consular rank, a man who was considered worthy of her and was consul in 50 BC. Greek Mythology refers to stories about the gods, heroes, and rituals of Ancient Greeks. The presence of sequels like this indicates just how confronting and original the Aeneid is so much that later poets needed to normalise it. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Whilst the shadow side of the warrior reflects the need to win at all costs, abandoning ethical principles to prove your supremacy. n., consul in 128 BC; according to, Gaius Octavius C. f. C. n., the grandfather of Augustus, possessed considerable property, and lived quietly in his villa at Velitrae. Updates? At this point he turned again to Cleopatra, who had borne him two children and given him full political and financial support. Lives: Antony Homer (ca. [1] Augustus, in his memoirs, mentioned that his father was a novus homo with no senatorial background. She is the first of the many warrior goddesses you will discover in the list below. In Italian the meaning of the name Octavia is: Born eighth. Vol. Lepidus was perhaps not included. Many of these creatures have become almost as well known as the gods, goddesses and heroes who share their stories.. Cloelia managed to flee the hostage camp, leading a group of other Roman virgins across the River Tiber. 1 d. 11 BC, Roman matron, sister of Emperor Augustus [1] and wife of Marc Antony [2], her second husband. Undoubtedly[citation needed] Octavia attended both ceremonies, as well as the Ara Pacis ceremony to welcome her brother's return in 13BC from the provinces. , Mark Antony and Cleopatra were partners for 11 years and had three children together. Chris Mackie does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organization that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment. When Octavia returned to Rome Octavian portrayed his sister as a victim wronged by Antony, although she refused to leave Antony's household. The bribe is in the form of Helen of Sparta, the most beautiful woman in the world. Cleopatra, (Greek: "Famous in Her Father") in full Cleopatra VII Thea Philopator ("Cleopatra the Father-Loving Goddess"), (born 70/69 bcedied August 30 bce, Alexandria), Egyptian queen, famous in history and drama as the lover of Julius Caesar and later as the wife of Mark Antony. Greek Text Theogony. Aeneas leads the survivors from the sack of Troy through the Mediterranean, and ultimately to the site of (future) Rome. She wears jewellery made from skulls and blood adorns her breasts. Indeed many readers through time have felt that Virgil is too reliant on Homer. Octavia, having been in Rome since 37, was sent to Antony by Octavian in 35. : 62046512. Revealing the history behind mythologies. Athena - Goddess of war, wisdom and domestic crafts. Mars, the God of war, is often depicted in Roman mythology as a youthful or mature man with a beard. Cicero, however, fiercely attacked him in the Philippic orations between September 44 and April 43, and Octavian joined forces with the consuls in 43. Cleopatra was the name of Alexander the Great's sister, as well as Cleopatra Alcyone, wife of Meleager in Greek mythology. Many consumer products get their names from Greek mythology. Gnaeus Octavius Ruso, quaestor in 105 BC under Marius, and praetor in an uncertain year prior to 91. Find History on Facebook (Opens in a new window), Find History on Twitter (Opens in a new window), Find History on YouTube (Opens in a new window), Find History on Instagram (Opens in a new window), Find History on TikTok (Opens in a new window), https://www.history.com/topics/ancient-greece/greek-mythology, Zeus (Jupiter, in Roman mythology): the king of all the gods (and father to many) and god of weather, law and fate, Hera (Juno): the queen of the gods and goddess of women and marriage, Aphrodite (Venus): goddess of beauty and love, Apollo (Apollo): god of prophesy, music and poetry and knowledge, Artemis (Diana): goddess of hunting, animals and childbirth, Athena (Minerva): goddess of wisdom and defense, Demeter (Ceres): goddess of agriculture and grain, Dionysus(Bacchus): god of wine, pleasure and festivity, Hephaestus(Vulcan): god of fire, metalworking and sculpture, Hermes (Mercury): god of travel, hospitality and trade and Zeuss personal messenger, Hestia (Vesta): goddess of home and family, Eros (Cupid): god of sex and minion to Aphrodite. - sister, who over the next four years bore him two daughters Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). by Around 700 BC, the poet Hesiods Theogony offered the first written cosmogony, or origin story, of Greek mythology. A characteristic epithet for Aeneas is pius (pious, duty-bound, dutiful). This could reflect a narcissistic personality that goes on the attack when their ego or beliefs feel threatened. This marriage had to be approved by the Senate, as she was pregnant with her first husband's child, and was a politically motivated attempt to cement the uneasy alliance between her brother Octavian and Mark Antony; however, Octavia does appear to have been a loyal and faithful wife to Antony. Her name translates as she who slaughter. Also known as Menchit. In all her representations she wore the "nodus" hairstyle, which at the time was considered conservative and dignified, and worn by women from many classes.[17]. The sudden and brutal end of the poem precipitated various sequels, most famously a Supplement to Aeneid Book 12 by the humanist cleric Maffeo Vegio (ca. . From their lofty perch, they ruled every aspect of human life. [both named Antonia]. mother. 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