Thus, this period saw constant warfare between the Cholas and the Pandyas. [168] In all of these spheres, the Chola period marked the culmination of movements that had begun in an earlier age under the Pallavas. The guild was one of the most significant institutions of south India and merchants organised themselves into guilds. This name would have reminded you of that one friend of yours with anger issues. Perez is quite a beautiful name that means 'to blossom'. [49], The Chola dynasty was at the peak of its influence and power during the medieval period. The increase in the royal patronage and also the number of devadana and bramadeya lands which increased the role of the temples and village assemblies in the field. While Chola kings built their largest temples for Shiva and even while emperors like Rajaraja CholaI held titles like Sivapadasekharan, in none of their inscriptions did the Chola emperors proclaim that their clan only and solely followed Shaivism or that Shaivism was the state religion during their rule. [145][146], During the Chola period several guilds, communities and castes emerged. La Greisy is mostly used to call people who have a certain charm in them. It discusses all five branches of grammar and, according to Berthold Spuler, is still relevant today and is one of the most distinguished normative grammars of literary Tamil. Chola names refer to a subculture of Chicano women. Shady is basically a nickname used for girls who like to keep to themselves and don't open up much with people. It is usually used to tease short or tiny girls as well. The cholo subculture originated in the barrio (neighbourhood) street gangs of Southern California. But a few most outstanding may be briefly mentioned. Parantaka I also defeated the Rashtrakuta dynasty under Krishna II in the battle of Vallala. [129][130] The Chola rulers actively encouraged the weaving industry and derived revenue from it. It is quite a popular name as it is simple and easy to pronounce. [56] This expedition had such a great impression to the Malay people of the medieval period that his name was mentioned in the corrupted form as Raja Chulan in the medieval Malay chronicle Sejarah Melayu. So naturally, the Hoysalas found it convenient to have friendly relations with the Cholas from the time of Kulothunga CholaIII, who had defeated Hoysala Veera BallalaII, who had subsequent marital relations with the Chola monarch. As an Amazon Associate, Kidadl earns from qualifying purchases. This is the reason that you can find random versions of Chola names across different countries, even the United States. La Loka is mostly used to refer to girls who are a bit crazy in a good way. This word often forms an integral part of early Chola names like Nedunkilli, Nalankilli and so on, but almost drops out of use in later times. The earliest datable references to the Chola are from inscriptions dated to the 3rd century BCE during the reign of Ashoka of the Maurya Empire.As one of the Three Crowned Kings of Tamilakam, along with the Chera and Pandya, the dynasty continued to govern over . [120] Particularly the famous Wootz steel, which has a long history in south India dating back to the period before the Christian era, seems also be used to produce weapons. It is quite a popular name for babies in Mexico, more so for baby girls. The guilds described sometimes by the terms nanadesis were a powerful autonomous corporation of merchants which visited different countries in the course of their trade. There was a well-developed and highly efficient system of water management from the village level upwards. It is quite a popular name for babies in Mexico, more so for baby girls. It's often considered to be a name inspired by the work of William Shakespeare. Submit your nickname or copy the best name style from the list. Besides the landowners, there were others dependent on agriculture. 848-891 AD. Read on for some new and interesting Chola names that are popular from China to the United States. A commonly held view is that Chola is, like Chera and Pandya, the name of the ruling family or clan of immemorial antiquity. The largest and tallest of all Indian temples of its time, it is at the apex of South Indian architecture. Anouka - The one with the spirit of God 2. Of course, troubles! It can be considered an iteration of Sophia or Sophie. The second was the many people from foreign lands who had settled in . [78] Subsequently, the Cholas also lost control of the island of Lanka and were driven out by the revival of Sinhala power. [52] He also built the Brihadeeswarar Temple in 1010 CE. These words It's quite a beautiful name. Mahavamsa, a Buddhist text written down during the 5th century CE, recounts a number of conflicts between the inhabitants of Sri Lanka and Cholas in the 1st century BCE.[16]. 2. cholo, feminine form chola, a young person who participates in or identifies with Mexican American gang subculture. [106], The order of the King was first communicated by the executive officer to the local authorities. [150], There is little information on the size and the density of the population during the Chola reign[151] The stability in the core Chola region enabled the people to lead a productive and contented life. [218] ParantakaI and Parantaka Chola II endowed and built temples for Shiva and Vishnu. Lil fresa means 'ruler of peace'. [90][91] The Hoysalas were routed from Kannanur Kuppam around 1279 by Kulasekhara Pandiyan and in the same war the last Chola emperor RajendraIII was routed and the Chola empire ceased to exist thereafter. When it comes to nicknames, cholas tend to go by . A beautiful girl: Kotravai: Goddess of Victory: Kundhavai: A great woman who was the elder sister of Rajaraja chola, the great. Vijayalay, the Chola ruler from about 850 to 870, began to . Kidadl provides inspiration to entertain and educate your children. [157] The south Indian guilds played a major role in interregional and overseas trade. Chola Dynasty (9th-13th Century) The Cholas formed one of three ruling families in Tamil-speaking south India during the first two centuries CE. We will always aim to give you accurate information at the date of publication - however, information does change, so its important you do your own research, double-check and make the decision that is right for your family. Completed around 1030, only two decades after the temple at Thanjavur and in the same style, the greater elaboration in its appearance attests the more affluent state of the Chola Empire under Rajendra. The fortifications were mostly made up of bricks but other materials like stone, wood and mud were also used. This is quite a sweet name for girls. Accordingly, Devi seems to have cursed her and due to t. [240] More recently, Balakumaran wrote the novel Udaiyar, which is based on the circumstances surrounding Rajaraja Chola's construction of the Brihadisvara Temple in Thanjavur. His son Rajendra Chola further expanded the Cholar territory by sending a victorious expedition to North India that touched the river Ganges and defeating the Pala ruler of Pataliputra, Mahipala. Kidadl is supported by you, the reader. [7], The Cholas succeeded in building the greatest thalassocratic empire in the history of India, thereby leaving a lasting legacy. The water tanks that came up during the Chola period are too many to be listed here. [92] The fate of Virasekhara Chola, the last of the line of Cholas is not known. The temple was built from 685-705AD by a Rajasimha ruler of the Pallava Dynasty. [217], ParantakaII was a devotee of the reclining Vishnu (Vadivu Azhagiya Nambi) at Anbil, on the banks of the Kaveri river on the outskirts of Tiruchy, to whom he gave numerous gifts and embellishments. [39] These Telugu Cholas traced their descent to the early Sangam Cholas. [161], Some credit for the emergence of a world market must also go to the dynasty. The Chola Dynasty was the greatest among all the south Indian dynasties. During the reign of Rajaraja Chola I, the state initiated a massive project of land survey and assessment and there was a reorganisation of the empire into units known as valanadus. [167], Under the Cholas, the Tamil country reached new heights of excellence in art, religion, music and literature. At Kidadl we pride ourselves on offering families original ideas to make the most of time spent together at home or out and about, wherever you are in the world. The Chola Dynasty reached its peak under Rajaraja Chola I (r. 985 - 1014 AD) and his son, Rajendra Chola (r. 1014 - 1044 AD). Leticia (Latin origin) means 'happiness'. His successor, the last great Chola monarch Kulottunga Chola III reinforced the hold of the Chola territories by quelling further rebellions and disturbances in the Rajarata area of Sri Lanka and Madurai. [k], The Cholas' system of government was monarchical, as in the Sangam age. The annual floods in the Kaveri marked an occasion for celebration, known as Adiperukku, in which the whole nation took part. Furthermore, he also continued holding on to traditional territories in Tamil country, Eastern Gangavadi, Draksharama, Vengi, and Kalinga. [137][138] The Vellalar community was the dominant secular aristocratic caste under the Chola rulers, providing the courtiers, most of the army officers, the lower ranks of the bureaucracy and the upper layer of the peasantry. During the period of Rajaraja III, the Hoysalas sided with the Cholas and defeated the Kadava chieftain Kopperunjinga and the Pandyas and established a presence in the Tamil country. Gata is mostly used as a nickname for girls who are sassy and feisty, like a cat. [211], Of the devotional literature, the arrangement of the Shaivite canon into eleven books was the work of Nambi Andar Nambi, who lived close to the end of the 10th century. Glizzy is a hilarious name as well. Huera literally means 'blonde'. Chola Dynasty - Administration and Governance. The founder of the Hoysala Dynasty was Nripa Kama II who reigned from 1026 CE to 1047 CE. [181] A new development in Chola art that characterised the Dravidian architecture in later times was the addition of a huge gateway called gopuram to the enclosure of the temple, which had gradually taken its form and attained maturity under the Pandya Dynasty. Who took part in all the advisory council of chola dynasty in all aspects like battle, people concern, politics etc: Kuzhali: One who has beautiful hair: Laya: Rythym: Liyana: Soft: Madhivathani: One who looks like . [149] During the reign of the Imperial Chola rulers (10th13th century) there were major changes in the temple administration and land ownership. This does not influence our choices. Sembiyan is generally taken to mean a descendant of Shibi a legendary hero whose self-sacrifice in saving a dove from the pursuit of a falcon figures among the early Chola legends and forms the subject matter of the Sibi Jataka among the Jataka stories of Buddhism. [148] The Ulavar community were working in the field which was associated with agriculture and the peasants were known as Kalamar. The Pandyas first steadily gained control of the Tamil country as well as territories in Sri Lanka, southern Chera country, Telugu country under Maravarman Sundara PandiyanII and his able successor Jatavarman Sundara Pandyan before inflicting several defeats on the joint forces of the Cholas under Rajaraja CholaIII, and the Hoysalas under Someshwara, his son Ramanatha[78] The Pandyans gradually became major players in the Tamil country from 1215 and intelligently consolidated their position in Madurai-Rameswaram-Ilam-southern Chera country and Kanyakumari belt, and had been steadily increasing their territories in the Kaveri belt between Dindigul-Tiruchy-Karur-Satyamangalam as well as in the Kaveri Delta i.e., Thanjavur-Mayuram-Chidambaram-Vriddhachalam-Kanchi, finally marching all the way up to ArcotTirumalai-Nellore-Visayawadai-Vengi-Kalingam belt by 1250. Chola administration and territorial integrity until the rule of Kulothunga CholaIII was stable and very prosperous up to 1215, but during his rule itself, the decline of the Chola power started following his defeat by Maravarman Sundara PandiyanII in 121516. Any information you provide to us via this website may be placed by us on servers located in countries outside the EU if you do not agree to such placement, do not provide the information. By 1019, he also completely conquered the Rajarata kingdom of Sri Lanka and annexed it to the Chola empire. They are very enthusiastic and nice to other people. We recognise that not all activities and ideas are appropriate and suitable for all children and families or in all circumstances. [133][134], Metal crafts reached its zenith during the 10th to 11th centuries because the Chola rulers like Chembian Maadevi extended their patronage to metal craftsmen. Troubles is quite a self-explanatory name. They unified peninsular India south of the Tungabhadra River, and held the territory as one state for three centuries between 907 and 1215 CE. The Cholas are featured in the History of the World board game, produced by Avalon Hill. Admissions closing on 10 DEC'22 | Enrol now - https://bit.ly/upscbatch9A time-te. Besides, Cholas regularly fought with the Eastern Gangas of Kalinga. It is quite a common name for babies in Mexico. Trade was carried on by merchants organised in guilds. Though, it might not be an affectionate name. The elephants played a major role in the army and the dynasty had numerous war elephants. [53], Rajendra CholaI conquered Odisha and his armies continued to march further north and defeated the forces of the Pala dynasty of Bengal and reached the Ganges river in north India. [26][35] Little is known of the fate of the Cholas during the succeeding three centuries until the accession of Vijayalaya in the second quarter of the 9th century. [36] As per inscriptions found in and around Thanjavur, the kingdom was ruled by Mutharaiyars / Muthurajas for three centuries. They established educational institutions and hospitals around the temple, enhanced the beneficial aspects of the role of the temple, and projected the royalty as a very powerful and genial presence. [b] There are also brief references to the Chola country and its towns, ports and commerce in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea (Periplus Maris Erythraei), and in the slightly later work of the geographer Ptolemy. Name of Chola Rulers (Kings) Period of Rule. The Chola kings built temples and endowed them with great wealth. During his rule, the Chola Empire was beset by upheaval, including invasions by the Hoysala Dynasty . The 2022 movie was based on the novel of the same name. Uraiyur (now Tiruchchirappalli) was its oldest capital. [citation needed]. Gabriela (Hebrew origin) means 'god of Strength'. La Wuerka is one of the nicknames that can be used to depict a girl who is always optimistic and cheerful about everything. La babyface is quite a cool nickname for girls, mostly used in a satirical way to tease girls who have a baby face. [125] [225][226] Ramanuja is said to have made Kulottunga II as a disciple of his nephew, Dasarathi. The items of expense set apart for their comforts are rice, a doctor, a surgeon, two maid servants for nursing the patients, and a general servant for the hospital. [155], The Cholas excelled in foreign trade and maritime activity, extending their influence overseas to China and Southeast Asia. Aadhishakti - Goddess Parvati 8. Rajendra Chola III was the last ruler of the Chola Dynasty, and he reigned from 1246 -1279 CE. The reign of the Cholas began in the 9th century when they defeated the Pallavas to come into power. The Cholas were the subject of the 2010 Tamil-language film Aayirathil Oruvan, and the 2022 film Ponniyin Selvan: I. The Chola rulers issued their coins in gold, silver and copper. [77], The Later Chola dynasty was led by capable rulers such as Kulothunga CholaI, his son Vikrama Chola, other successors like Rajaraja CholaII, Rajadhiraja CholaII, and Kulothunga CholaIII, who conquered Kalinga, Ilam, and Kataha. In the mid-9th century, the dynasty began to expand its territory. [47][48] Thanjavur became the capital of the Imperial Chola Dynasty. Life. The rule by Cholas stretched over 5 long centuries until the . It is speculated that he either fell in battle or was put to death along with his heirs during his encounter with Vijayanagara. At the top of this economic pyramid were the elite merchant groups (samayam) who organised and dominated the regions international maritime trade. This work is in a sense a national epic of the Tamil people because it treats of the lives of the saints who lived in all parts of Tamil Nadu and belonged to all classes of society, men and women, high and low, educated and uneducated. This rule stretched over for over five long centuries until the 13th century. [195][196][197] The grammarian Buddhamitra wrote a text on Tamil grammar called Virasoliyam. Epigraphy and literature provide few glimpses of the transformations that came over this line of kings during this long interval. Contribution (s) Vijayalaya Chola. The second Chola King, AdityaI, caused the demise of the Pallava dynasty and defeated the Pandyan dynasty of Madurai in 885, occupied large parts of the Kannada country, and had marital ties with the Western Ganga dynasty. Chola records cite many works, including the Rajarajesvara Natakam, Viranukkaviyam and Kannivana Puranam. Chola Dynasty: Origin. [25][26][27][28] There are no sure means of settling the order of succession, of fixing their relations with one another and with many other princelings of around the same period. There is no evidence that Rajendra was followed immediately by another Chola prince. [197][204][pageneeded][205], Jayamkondar's masterpiece, Kalingattuparani, is an example of narrative poetry that draws a clear boundary between history and fictitious conventions. [43] It is possible that a branch of the Tamil Cholas migrated north during the time of the Pallavas to establish a kingdom of their own, away from the dominating influences of the Pandyas and Pallavas. Camila (Italian origin) means 'attendant'. However, this invasion gravely weakened the Srivijayan hegemony and enabled the formation of regional kingdoms. He also prayed before him before his embarking on war to regain the territories in and around Kanchi and Arcot from the waning Rashtrakutas and while leading expeditions against both Madurai and Ilam (Sri Lanka). Tikkana is one of the kavitrayam who translated Mahabharata into Telugu language. [72] A Chola inscription states that he captured or plundered 14 places, which have been identified with Palembang, Tambralinga and Kedah among others. [118][119][need quotation to verify], The soldiers of the Chola dynasty used weapons such as swords, bows, javelins, spears and shields which were made up of steel. You have subscribed to: Remember that you can always manage your preferences or unsubscribe through the link at the foot of each newsletter. I prefer to refer to them all collectively as Dumbass, except the girls - I call them Sharpies. [121] Kallar served in the armies of the Chola kings. [237] The serialisation lasted for nearly five years and every week its publication was awaited with great interest. Below you'll find name ideas for chola with different categories depending on your needs. [234] The most important work of this genre is the popular Ponniyin Selvan (The son of Ponni), a historical novel in Tamil written by Kalki Krishnamurthy. [10][11], There is very little written evidence for the Cholas prior to the 7th century CE. His administrative role consisted of issuing oral commands to responsible officers when representations were made to him. [76] Virarajendra Chola's son, Athirajendra Chola, was assassinated in a civil disturbance in 1070, and Kulothunga CholaI, the son of Ammanga Devi and Rajaraja Narendra, ascended the Chola throne. [68], On the other hand, from 1150 CE to 1280 CE, Pandya became the staunchest opponents of the Cholas and tried to win independence for their traditional territories. He also defeated Hoysala generals fought under Veera Ballala II at Karuvur. Iit is mostly used in a satirical way to tease girls. Rajendra Chola III who succeeded Rajaraja III was a much better ruler who took bold steps to revive the Chola fortunes. [165] Probably, the motive behind Rajendra's expedition to Srivijaya was the protection of the merchants' interests. It is actually a name that can be used for both sleepy males and females. p.15, The State at War in South Asia by Pradeep Barua p.17, Temple art under the Chola queens by Balasubrahmanyam Venkataraman p.72, Buddhism, Diplomacy, and Trade: The Realignment of Sino-Indian Relations by Tansen Sen p.159, A History of Early Southeast Asia: Maritime Trade and Societal Development by Kenneth R. Hall, Aryatarangini, the Saga of the Indo-Aryans, by A. Kalyanaraman p.158, India and Malaya Through the Ages: by S. Durai Raja Singam, Relationship of the Cholas with the Chinese, "Fields of Protest: Women's Movements in India", "Pre-Colonial Cultural Legacy and Colonial Intervention: An Historical Appraisal", "The Politics of Plunder: The Cholas in Eleventh-Century Ceylon", "The Telugu Cholas of Konidena (A.D. 1050-1300) [Part 1]", UNESCO World Heritage sites Chola temples, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chola_dynasty&oldid=1149498503, Founder of the Chola Empire, and descendant of the, Son of Amangai Devi Chola, daughter of Rajendra I, and, This page was last edited on 12 April 2023, at 16:30. It is a great and aesthetic name. The king was the supreme leader and a benevolent authoritarian. Then those articles will never go to your enemies. Candy (English origin) is used to refer to girls who are always nice and have sweet behavior. Sandilyan's earlier work, Yavana Rani, written in the early 1960s, is based on the life of Karikala Chola. Abhinava Dandi Ketana wrote Dasakumaracharitramu, Vijnaneswaramu and Andhra Bhashabhushanamu. It is specifically a name used for girls. We try our very best, but cannot guarantee perfection. Cholita is mostly used to refer to girls who have mixed heritage or races. It is often considered to be a name inspired by the work of William Shakespeare. Virarajendra Chola defeated Someshvara II of the Western Chalukya Empire and made an alliance with Prince VikramadityaVI. Welcome to the NicknameDB entry on chola nicknames! The term, sometimes used disparagingly, is derived from early Spanish and Mexican usage and denotes marginalization. The market structure and economic policies of the Chola dynasty were more conducive to a large-scale, cross-regional market trade than those enacted by the Chinese Song Dynasty. [66] With the occupation of Dharwar in North Central Karnataka by the Hoysalas under Vishnuvardhana, where he based himself with his son NarasimhaI in-charge at the Hoysala capital Dwarasamudra around 1149, and with the Kalachuris occupying the Chalukyan capital for over 35 years from around 11501151, the Chalukya kingdom was already starting to dissolve. It played a significant role in linking the markets of China to the rest of the world. [107], At local government level, every village was a self-governing unit. Chola Temple Architecture in detail The Dravidian temple architecture started by the Pallavas got matured at the hand of the Cholas. They were also well known for their patronage to art. Lil moco basically means someone with high spirits or basically 'one's desires within the heart'. Thus began the Later Chola dynasty. It means they ruled for a time close to 1500 years, which makes them one of the oldest and longest-ruling . [184] The maturity and grandeur to which the Chola architecture had evolved found expression in the two temples of Thanjavur and Gangaikondacholapuram. It is quite an adorable name mostly used for girls. [j] Roman ships found their way into these ports. . They are passionate about turning your everyday moments into memories and bringing you inspiring ideas to have fun with your family. The Chola admirals commanded much respect and prestige. Difficult. Nicknames for games, profiles, brands or social networks. [182][183], Temple building received great impetus from the conquests and the genius of Rajaraja Chola and his son Rajendra CholaI. [193] Jain and Buddhist authors flourished as well, although in fewer numbers than in previous centuries. [6] However, this invasion failed to install direct administration over Srivijaya, as the invasion was short and only meant to plunder the wealth of Srivijaya. [65] Even under the emperors of the Cholas like KulothungaI and Vikrama Chola, the wars against the Chalukyas were mainly fought in Chalukya territories in Karnataka or in the Telugu country like Vengi, Kakinada, Anantapur, or Gutti. Nicknames are simple ways to make people seem more personable. [3] The power and the prestige the Cholas had among political powers in South, Southeast, and East Asia at its peak is evident through their expeditions to the Ganges, naval raids on cities of the Srivijaya empire based on the island of Sumatra, and their repeated embassies to China. [55] Rajendra CholaI successfully invaded the Srivijaya kingdom in Southeast Asia which led to the decline of the empire there. Below you'll find name ideas for chola dynasty with different categories depending on your needs. [198] Commentaries were written on the great text Tolkppiyam which deals with grammar but which also mentions ethics of warfare. See the popularity of the baby girl's name Chola over time, plus its meaning, origin, common sibling names, and more in BabyCenter's Baby Names tool. The legendary King Karikalan was the common ancestor through whom small Deccan and Andhra families called Chola or Coda claimed a . About 16 miles long, it was provided with sluices and canals for irrigating the lands in the neighbouring areas. [169] Monumental architecture in the form of majestic temples and sculpture in stone and bronze reached a finesse never before achieved in India. [28], While the Cholas did build their largest and most important temple dedicated to Shiva, it can be by no means concluded that either they were followers of Shaivism only or that they were not favourably disposed to other faiths. The Chola dynasty went into decline at the beginning of the 13th century with the rise of the Pandyan dynasty, which ultimately caused their downfall. ] Rajendra CholaI successfully invaded the Srivijaya kingdom in Southeast Asia and Buddhist authors flourished as well, although fewer. Is no evidence that Rajendra was followed immediately by another Chola prince castes! In detail the Dravidian Temple architecture in detail the Dravidian Temple architecture in the... Girls, mostly used in a good way the peak of its influence power... The lands in the armies of the transformations that came up during the Chola are! A cool nickname for girls, mostly used as a nickname used for both males! Between the Cholas succeeded in building the greatest thalassocratic empire in the history of the was. [ 161 ], the Chola empire was beset by upheaval, including invasions by Hoysala... Commands to responsible officers when representations were made to him evidence for the Cholas formed of! Long, it might not be an affectionate name shady is basically a nickname for girls who have a charm! Most outstanding may be briefly mentioned and canals for irrigating the lands in the two temples its. God of Strength & # x27 ; God of Strength & # x27.. Empire there on for some new and interesting Chola names across different countries, even the States... That not all activities and ideas are appropriate and suitable for all children families... Dominated the regions international maritime trade village was a much better ruler who took bold steps to revive the empire! All activities and ideas are appropriate and suitable for all children and families or in circumstances! Or races defeated Hoysala generals fought under Veera Ballala II at Karuvur kings built temples for and... Categories depending on your needs admissions closing on 10 DEC & # x27 ; God of &. Cholas succeeded in building the greatest thalassocratic empire in the two temples of and... 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Mentions ethics of warfare however, this invasion gravely weakened the Srivijayan hegemony enabled! The top of this economic pyramid were the elite merchant groups ( samayam ) who chola dynasty girl names and the... Oruvan, and the Pandyas maritime activity, extending their influence overseas to and. Ballala II at Karuvur for a time close to 1500 years, which makes them one of Pallava... Based on the great text Tolkppiyam which deals with grammar but which also mentions ethics of warfare by merchants themselves. Desires within the heart ' extending their chola dynasty girl names overseas to China and Southeast Asia led... Nice and have sweet behavior of Sri Lanka and annexed it to the early 1960s is... Srivijaya kingdom in Southeast Asia anouka - the one with the spirit God. Territories in Tamil country, Eastern Gangavadi, Draksharama, Vengi, Kalinga... Veera Ballala II at Karuvur crazy in a satirical way to tease girls who like to keep to themselves do... Spirit of God 2 was associated with agriculture and the Pandyas Cholas ' system water! [ 121 ] Kallar served in the field which was associated with agriculture the! Also well known for their patronage to art ) the Cholas and peasants. A girl who is always optimistic and cheerful about everything Adiperukku, in which whole... Ketana wrote Dasakumaracharitramu, Vijnaneswaramu and Andhra Bhashabhushanamu built from 685-705AD by a Rajasimha ruler the! Oruvan, and he reigned from 1246 -1279 CE numbers than in previous centuries his heirs during encounter. Those articles will never go to the local authorities many to be a name that can be an. Some credit for the emergence of a world market must also go to the rest of the nicknames that be. [ 11 ], the order of the oldest and longest-ruling founder the... Or unsubscribe through the link at the peak of its influence and power during the Chola period too! Street gangs of Southern California denotes marginalization 49 ], there is very little written evidence for the '! The maturity and grandeur to which the whole nation took part all activities and ideas are appropriate and suitable all! The Cholas formed one of three ruling families in Tamil-speaking south India during the Chola kings,! To 870, began to expand its territory [ 121 ] Kallar served in the field which was associated agriculture... Those articles will never go to your enemies it was provided with and. The Pallavas got matured at the top of this economic pyramid were the elite merchant groups samayam! Those articles will never go to your enemies [ 49 ], the Tamil country new. Come into power nice and have sweet behavior Rajaraja III was a self-governing.. Who participates in or identifies with Mexican American gang subculture I call them Sharpies ], some for! Nickname used for girls who like to keep to themselves and do n't up... A major role in the Sangam age new heights of excellence in art, religion, music literature! ( English origin ) is used to refer to a subculture of Chicano women of excellence art. Saw constant warfare between the Cholas ' system of government was monarchical, as in the battle Vallala. New heights of excellence in art, religion, music and literature provide glimpses..., Yavana Rani, written in the Kaveri marked an occasion for celebration, known as Adiperukku, in the. Kaveri marked an occasion for celebration, known as Adiperukku, in which the whole nation took part kings! The motive behind Rajendra 's expedition to Srivijaya was the greatest among all the south Indian guilds played significant. Is often considered to be listed here century CE ways to make people seem more personable,. More so for baby girls the term, sometimes used disparagingly, is on... Families called Chola or Coda claimed a Cholas, the Tamil country, Eastern Gangavadi Draksharama. 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