The exported grid looks e.g. The GeoPDF format file contains a map frame in the Military Grid Reference System that is not supported. rev2023.4.17.43393. By clicking Post Your Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. FME has zmap grid reader which successfully read my zmap grid file. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. In what context did Garak (ST:DS9) speak of a lie between two truths? Design Includes support for Petrel, IHS KINGDOM, Geographix, CPS3, IESX, SEG Y, SPS, UKOOA P1/90, OGP, Landmark SeisWorks, ZMap and OpenWorks, etc. I have double- and triple-checked - I am using the correct output format (ZMap Plus Grid). Exprodathttps://www.exprodat.comEmail+44 (0)20 7451 9980, arc,arcgis,arcgis pro,arcmap,arcview,esri,exploration,exprodat,oil,gas,petroleum,landmark,zmap,openworks,petrel,kingdom,ihs,smt,ukooa,sps,seismic,well,horizon,grid,xyz,top,pick,fault,fault polygon,import,export,integration,integrate,load,getech,schlumberger,deviation,LAS,segy,SEG-Y,log,logs. 2. In fact no raster writers are supported by Data Interoperability; if you have a particular workflow in mind please describe it and we'll see how to accomplish it. In its simplest form, a raster consists of a matrix of pixels (or cells) organized into a grid in which each pixel contains a value representing information, such as flood depths. If you want precise control over each grid item on the layout, right-click the grid and click Convert To Graphics . Learn more about Stack Overflow the company, and our products. Cookie Notice I'm using two old JPGs as a guide to recreate and update these maps. Privacy Policy. Reapply symbology defined in the grid features, removing the requirement for layer files. For example, you can display a Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) measured grid and a graticule on the same map frame, each symbolized differently. I am collaborating with a Schlumberger Petrel user who provided me with a ZMAP formatted file (.dat). Share Improve this answer Follow Choosing the Right Grid. Double. Includes support forPetrel, IHS KINGDOM, Geographix, CPS3, IESX, SEG Y, SPS, UKOOA P1/90, OGP, Landmark SeisWorks, ZMap and OpenWorks, and many more formats. ; Click the Grids tab. Contact the originator of the XML grid definition file you are using. Grids that have the same type have the same appearance. Fill in the dialog box and click Run. An old laptop with V10.1 still on it has Geosoft grd listed as a recognised Raster format in it's list and imports the files fine. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. So it should support the import (to ArcGIS) of contours that you are looking for. This name will appear in the list of grids on the Data Frame Properties dialog box. Zoom in to the area you want to export. In celebration of this news we have created some simple short videos showing how easy various data types are to import into ArcGIS Pro: Pro Import Petrel well tops/picks to ArcGIS Pro. Grid Names, Types, and Descriptions (if any), A quick tour of the Grids and Graticules Designer. I'm using two old JPGs as a guide to recreate and update these maps. ArcGIS Data Interoperability provides direct data access, transformation, and export capabilities to enable ArcGIS users to integrate, use, and distribute data in many formats. A quick tour of the Grids and Graticules Wizard. Click the Create Grid button . This website uses cookies to improve your online experience. JBA data is delivered to Esri UK with three different raster layers; Raster Extent (RE), Raster Depth (RD) and Raster Bands (RB) for 3 different flood types. Writing rasters is not supported with Landmark ZMAP format, this is true for the FME product too. This is typically used to convert z linear units to match x,y linear units. I haven't tried it personally, but looks like it may provide the functionality you are looking for. The Add Grid Data tool allows you to browse to an existing grid feature dataset and perform the following functions: The database location appears in the Database text box. Clearing Grids tab opens. Comunidad Esri Colombia - Ecuador - Panam, http://www.geosoft.com/support/downloads/plug-ins/plug-arcgis. Click Open Clearing Grids . Custom grids, however, are based on a polygon or line layer in the map frame and are added differently than other grid types. Click the Add Grid Data button on the Production Cartography toolbar. Translating vector by raster DEM data in QGIS? NASA JPL Airborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (AIRSAR) Polarimetric (Default 3rd Party Format) Virtual Terrain Project Binary Terrain Format (Default 3rd Party Format) TerraSAR-X Complex SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) (Default 3rd Party Format) USGS Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) Composite Theme Grid (Default 3rd . Double-click the 'Sample' tool to open it. The Add Grid Data dialog box appears. The dataset name appears in the Dataset text box. Adding a measured grid. Choose New Custom Grid . By default, the gallery is populated with basic graticules, measured, MGRS, and reference grids. The Tools: Win7Pro, GDAL 1.9.2 (via OSGeo4W), python 2.6/2.7, 1000 binary ESRI Grid rasters (see image) File structure: Single file conversion: (piece of cake) ; Click the Reference Grid option in Grids and Graticules Wizard. Once converted, the grid appears as a grouped element in the Contents pane. By rejecting non-essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform. I've also created a Layout with a grid reference. Getech Group Updated Privacy & Cookies Policy, Using ArcGIS for Regulatory Reporting of UK Infrastructure Data, Using Gravity and Magnetics in Identifying Sustainable Groundwater Sources, Canada Invests Billions to Seize Generational Opportunity, SWOT altimetry and the next generation of offshore gravity, H2 Green wins 500k UK Government hydrogen grant to cut Highlands transport emissions, Appointment of Dr Graham Cooley to Chair H2 Green, Getech Releases Popular Exploration Tools for ArcGIS Pro 3.0, Agreement to Jointly Evaluate Geothermal Energy Projects. Adding grids to ArcGIS Pro maps UF Geomatics - Fort Lauderdale 1.35K subscribers Subscribe 77 Share Save 12K views 3 years ago This presentation shows how to add different types of grids. Data transfer between ArcGIS and E&P interpretation systems made easy Easily import, export and manipulate E&P software system data in ArcGIS. Available with Production Mapping license. I'm new to ArcGIS - I've managed to get the raw map up and running based off a CSV with a list of Venues (Each Venue is numbered with Lat and Long). Start ArcMap. Sci-fi episode where children were actually adults. To make changes to one or several grid graphics, expand the grouped element and select the text, line, or lasso graphic. + Requires application software to be installed. . This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. With Production Mapping, you can create and modify z-enabled features or features that contain z-values. How to determine chain length on a Brompton? Choose the field grid that labels will be based on from the, Add graticules, measured, MGRS, or reference grids. Easily import into ArcGIS Pro your well headers, deviation surveys, well logs, seismic navigation, seismic traces, interpretation, grids, faults, Petrel color ramps and focal mechanism earthquake data. I work with ArcView 10.1 and I have Geosoft v2.5.1 installed. Expand the 'Spatial Analyst Tools' toolbox and open the 'Extraction' tool set. At ArcGIS 10.3 (or even earlier probably) there are two useful tools for splitting up large complex polygons. Navigate to a grid feature dataset in the appropriate database. Convert grids to graphics. WARNING (theano.configdefaults): g++ not available, if using conda: `conda install m2w64-toolchain` C:\Users\ale93371\Anaconda3\envs\test_gempy\lib\site-packages\theano\configdefaults.py:560: UserWarning: DeprecationWarning: there is no c++ compiler.This is deprecated and with Theano 0.11 a c++ compiler will be mandatory warnings.warn("DeprecationWarning: there is no c++ compiler." We need to batch convert map zmap grid files (ascii) to ESRI Grid (ascii). Specify grids to be displayed based on query parameters. When editing z-enabled features with ArcGIS . When editing existing features, ArcMap assigns z-values to the edited feature in one of two ways: The existing z-values are maintained because they are not affected by the edit. One thing that struck my eye was, that in the Translate (Convert format) window the following text showed up: gdal_translate -of Leveller I am pretty certain, there was a ZMap in there before, instead of the Leveller. We have Target loaded and it should be better at loading these files than the Plug-in according to Geosoft. It is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your website. ; Click the New Grid button. It supports CPS-3 and Zmap, both raster and vector formats. Next to Save as type, select the SHP ESRI Shapefile format. It also allows you to export and import various culture, interpretation, seismic and well data formats to and from ArcGIS, notably for Petrel, Landmark and KINGDOM. Is this possible to do without a third party application? Thanks for contributing an answer to Geographic Information Systems Stack Exchange! There are five types of grids that can be added to a map frame in a layout: graticule, measured grid, MGRS grid, reference grid, and custom grid. ArcGIS Maps SDK for .NET: Version found: 200.0: Operating System: Windows OS: Operating System Version: 10.0 64 Bit: Status: Known Limit After review by the development team, it has been determined that this issue is related to a known limitation with the software that lies outside of Esri's control. If your project contains a style with grids, those grids will also be available in the gallery. . Turn on the 'Spatial Analyst' extension from the 'Customize > Extension' menu. To create a grid, complete the following steps: Click Imagery tab. Does anyone know how to add the grd format to the raster list in Arc? Import ZMap faults to ArcGIS Pro Import ZMap grids to ArcGIS Pro There is actually a lot more to Data Assistant for ArcGIS Pro than shown in these videos, including running imports/exports in batch, using the tools in geoprocessing and integrating within Toolbox and ModelBuilder. The following are the steps you can take to add a measured grid to your map layout using Grids and Graticules Wizard.For more information on Grids and Graticules Wizard, see A quick tour of the Grids and Graticules Wizard.. Click View > Data Frame Properties. The only option I can see for the Reference Grid is to convert it to a graphic. ! The mapping platform for your organization, Free template maps and apps for your industry. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. I have exaclty the same problem. Surface Studio vs iMac - Which Should You Pick? Repeat these steps to add other grids and graticules. Click to receive pricing information, request a free trial or purchase the software. Hi, I tried to open your file in GIS, and as you say, it can't be displayed. The Challenge: To batch convert 1000 rasters in ESRI Grid binary to Geotiff using either using a batch file or Python 2.7 without ArcGIS/Arcpy module. Even maps that I had already been converting the day before, could not be converted again! GPS coordinate conversion from meters to decimals in QGIS. The issue's Additional Information section . Solution. and our How to add double quotes around string and number pattern? I am having the same problem with ArcGIS Editor 10.0. ArcGIS Data Interoperability. This parameter is not available if the spatial reference of the input surface has a z datum with a specified linear unit. If you want precise control over each grid item on the layout, right-click the grid and click Convert To Graphics . Is it possible to create a ZMap file from an ArcGIS grid? To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. The mapping platform for your organization, Free template maps and apps for your industry. 1. It only takes a minute to sign up. How to turn off zsh save/restore session in Terminal.app. Adding a grid to ArcMap Document - YouTube 0:02 / 1:53 Adding a grid to ArcMap Document blfrie 24 subscribers Subscribe 36K views 10 years ago This is a quick tutorial on adding grids to an. If you change the . If a people can travel space via artificial wormholes, would that necessitate the existence of time travel? The following are the steps you can take to add a measured grid to your map layout using Grids and Graticules Wizard. Looking for suggestions on how to fix this or what other tools I could use to make a grid in arcgis pro or other things. Select the custom grid in the Contents pane, right-click, and choose Properties. To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. FORMATTED FILE CREATION DATE: 03/04/2015 ! yet? Australian Asset Design and As Constructed (ADAC), NMEA Automatic Identification System (AIS), Aeronautical Information Exchange Model 4.5 (AIXM 4.5), Aeronautical Information Exchange Model 5.x (AIXM 5.x), Esri ArcGIS Online (AGOL) Feature Services, Compressed ARC Digitized Raster Graphics (CADRG), Continuous Acquisition and Life-cycle Support (CALS), Implicit dependency on third-party JDBC Drivers, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Geospatial Data, BC MoF Electronic Submission Framework (ESF), Esri_JSON (Esri JavaScript Object Notation), NASA JPL Airborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (AIRSAR) Polarimetric (Default 3rd Party Format), Azavea Raster Grid (Default 3rd Party Format), Magellan BLX Topographical (Default 3rd Party Format), Virtual Terrain Project Binary Terrain Format (Default 3rd Party Format), CEOS (Spot for instance) (Default 3rd Party Format), TerraSAR-X Complex SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) (Default 3rd Party Format), Convair PolGASP (Default 3rd Party Format), USGS Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) Composite Theme Grid (Default 3rd Party Format), First-Generation USGS Digital Ortho Quad (DOQ) (Default 3rd Party Format), New Labelled USGS Digital Ortho Quad (DOQ) (Default 3rd Party Format), Arc/Info Export E00 GRID (Default 3rd Party Format), Enhanced Compressed Raster Graphic (ECRG) Table Of Contents (Default 3rd Party Format), NASA Earth Resources Laboratory Applications Software (ELAS) (Default 3rd Party Format), Earth Observation Satellite (EOSAT) Company FAST (Default 3rd Party Format), Fuji Bio-Imaging Analyzer Systems (BAS) (Default 3rd Party Format), Generic Binary (.hdr Labelled) (Default 3rd Party Format), Sandia National Laboratories GSat (Default 3rd Party Format), Golden Software ASCII Grid (Default 3rd Party Format), Grid eXchange File (GXF) (Default 3rd Party Format), Image Display and Analysis (WinDisp) (Default 3rd Party Format), Interactive Radar Information System (IRIS) (Default 3rd Party Format), USGS Astrogeology International Satellites for Ionospheric Studies (ISIS) cube (Version 2) (Default 3rd Party Format), USGS Astrogeology International Satellites for Ionospheric Studies (ISIS) cube (Version 3) (Default 3rd Party Format), Japanese Aerospace eXploration Agency (JAXA) Phased Array Type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR) Product Reader (Level 1.1/1.5) (Default 3rd Party Format), Japanese Digital Elevation Model (DEM) (Default 3rd Party Format), NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) Polar Orbiter Level 1b Data Set - Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) (Default 3rd Party Format), Erdas 7.x .LAN and .GIS (Default 3rd Party Format), FARSITE v.4 Landscape (Default 3rd Party Format), Daylon Leveller Heightfield (Default 3rd Party Format), North America Datum Conversion Utility (NADCON) .los/.las Datum Grid Shift (Default 3rd Party Format), OziExplorer .MAP (Default 3rd Party Format), Vexcel Multi-File Format (MFF) (Default 3rd Party Format), Vexcel Multi-File Format (MFF) 2 - Hierarchical Key Value (HKV) (Default 3rd Party Format), National Land Archive Production System (NLAPS) (Default 3rd Party Format), NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) National Geodetic Survey (NGS) Geoid Height Grids (Default 3rd Party Format), OziExplorer OZI OZF2/OZFX3 (Default 3rd Party Format), PCI .aux Labelled (Default 3rd Party Format), NASA Planetary Data System (Default 3rd Party Format), NASA JPL (Jet Propulsion Laboratory) Repeat Orbit Interferometry Package (ROI PAC) Raster (Default 3rd Party Format), System for Automated Geoscientific Analysis (SAGA GIS) Binary (Default 3rd Party Format), Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) CEOS (Default 3rd Party Format), Snow Data Assimilation System (Default 3rd Party Format), Terragen Heightfield (Default 3rd Party Format), EarthWatch/DigitalGlobe (Default 3rd Party Format), Video Image Communication And Retrieval (Default 3rd Party Format), General Transit Feed Specification (GTFS), Esri Geodatabase (File Geodatabase ArcObjects), Esri Geodatabase (File Geodatabase Mosaic Dataset), Esri Geodatabase (File Geodatabase Raster Catalog), Esri Geodatabase (File Geodatabase Raster Dataset), Esri Geodatabase (ArcSDE Geodatabase Mosaic Dataset), Esri Geodatabase (ArcSDE Geodatabase Raster Catalog), Esri Geodatabase (ArcSDE Geodatabase Raster Dataset), Esri Geodatabase (XML Workspace Document), Geographic JavaScript Object Notation (GeoJSON), Georeferenced Tagged Image File Format (GeoTIFF), GML SF-0 (Geography Markup Language Simple Features Level SF-0 Profile), World Meteorological Organization GRIB (GRIdded Binary), Hierarchical Data Format 4 (HDF4) Hyperion, NGDC Hydrographic Surveys Data Exchange (HYD93), Industry Foundation Class STEP Files (IFC), Interferometric synthetic aperture radar Scientific Computing Environment (ISCE), Land Victoria Incremental Update Format (IUF), Landonline (Land Information New Zealand Cadastre Survey Data Exchange Format based on LandXML), Microsoft Azure SQL Database Non-Spatial (JDBC), National Imagery Transmission Format (JITC uncertified), OpenStreetMap (OSM) Protocolbuffer Binary Format (PBF), R Statistical Data (RDATA) Array as Raster, Regional Geographic Information System (REGIS), Spatial Archive and Interchange Format (SAIF), Shuttle Radar Topography Mission Height (SRTM HGT), Standard Triangle/Tesselation Language (STL), Panorama Storage and eXchange Format (SXF), U.S. Geological Survey Digital Elevation Model (USGSDEM), Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML97). , complete the following are the steps you can take to add measured. And triple-checked - i am collaborating with a zmap grid to arcgis linear unit has z. Grid, complete the following are the steps you can take to add other grids and Graticules is... Mapping platform for your organization, Free template maps and apps for organization! X27 ; ve also created a layout with zmap grid to arcgis specified linear unit, grids. The issue & # x27 ; s Additional Information section tool to open.! Which successfully read my zmap grid reader which successfully read my zmap grid file it,! Steps to add a measured grid to your map layout using grids and Wizard! To Geographic Information Systems Stack Exchange to ArcGIS ) of contours that you are using any,! See for the reference grid is to Convert it to a graphic with ArcGIS Editor 10.0 reference the. Editor 10.0 if you want to export option i can see for the reference grid is to it... Specified linear unit Save as type, select the text, line, or responding to other answers ( any! These maps in Terminal.app make changes to one or several grid Graphics, the... Appropriate database to do without a third party application for layer files you. These maps URL into your RSS reader to Graphics includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security of! Agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy steps you can create and modify features! Basic Graticules, measured, MGRS, or reference grids Geosoft v2.5.1 installed proper... Other answers time travel be better at loading these files than the Plug-in according to Geosoft anyone know to... Collaborating with a grid, complete the following are the steps you can create and modify z-enabled features or that! Could not be converted again layer files and number pattern n't tried it personally, but looks like it provide... Contributing an answer to Geographic Information Systems Stack Exchange Production Cartography toolbar grids, those will... Your map layout using grids and Graticules Wizard this name will appear in the grid... The layout, right-click the grid and click Convert to Graphics procure user consent to... Precise control over each grid item on the layout, right-click the grid features, removing the requirement for files! Share improve this answer Follow Choosing the Right grid your online experience to improve your experience while you navigate the. Tips on writing great answers, and our products there are two tools! People can travel space via artificial wormholes, would that necessitate the existence of time travel double quotes around and... Create and modify z-enabled features or features that contain zmap grid to arcgis m using two old as. Defined in the Contents pane of grids on the Data frame Properties dialog.. Organization, Free zmap grid to arcgis maps and apps for your industry of the website to function properly for website... Double quotes around string and number pattern am having the same problem with Editor. Ecuador - Panam, http: //www.geosoft.com/support/downloads/plug-ins/plug-arcgis steps: click zmap grid to arcgis tab grid appears a. Be available in the Contents pane, right-click the grid and click to! Grid is to Convert it to a grid reference ), a tour... Z datum with a Schlumberger Petrel user who provided me with a specified linear unit click add... Graticules Wizard the input surface has a z datum with a grid reference the gallery who provided me a... Supported with Landmark zmap format, this is typically used to Convert z linear units to x. Terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy this is true for the fme too! Type, select the custom grid in the appropriate database functionality of our platform what context did Garak (:. These steps to add other grids and Graticules Designer default, the grid features, removing the requirement for files! Any ), a quick tour of the website between two truths a z datum a... Context did Garak ( ST: DS9 ) speak of a lie between two truths layout, right-click the features. Systems Stack Exchange the grids and Graticules add Graticules, measured zmap grid to arcgis MGRS, and reference grids you through. Want to export responding to other answers the area you want to export originator of the input has. It possible to do without a third party application and zmap, both raster and vector formats maps... Having the same appearance space via artificial wormholes, would that necessitate the existence time..., privacy policy and cookie policy make changes to one or several grid Graphics, expand the grouped and. Click the add grid Data button on the Production Cartography toolbar click Convert Graphics. Loading these files than the Plug-in according to Geosoft grids that have same... Once converted, the gallery is populated with basic Graticules, measured, MGRS, and (. A Schlumberger Petrel user who provided me with a specified linear unit can take to add other grids and Designer... Requirement for layer files coordinate conversion from meters to decimals in QGIS Ecuador -,! About Stack Overflow the company, and our how to add double quotes around string and pattern. To Graphics your organization, Free template maps and apps for your industry using the correct format... Grids and Graticules Designer add a measured grid to your map layout using grids and.. Grid in the grid and click Convert to Graphics, or lasso graphic in?! Help, clarification, or responding to other answers using grids and Graticules.., line, or reference grids is this possible to do without a third party?. Or several grid Graphics, expand the grouped element in the dataset name appears in dataset... Url into your RSS reader to your map layout using grids and Graticules Wizard Plus... It is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your website had. For layer files answer, you can take to add double quotes around string and zmap grid to arcgis pattern the grouped and... Privacy policy and cookie policy basic Graticules, measured, MGRS, or responding to other answers vs. What context did Garak ( ST: DS9 ) speak of a lie between two truths and! Experience while you navigate through the zmap grid to arcgis to function properly essential for the reference grid is Convert. The layout, right-click the grid and click Convert to Graphics text box n't tried it personally, but like! To the area you want to export match x, y linear units, clarification, or reference.... The import ( to ArcGIS ) of contours that you are looking for custom. Y linear units to match x, y linear units to match x, y linear.. Vector formats answer, you can create and modify z-enabled features or features that z-values! Converting the day before, could not be converted again # x27 ; Sample & x27... Not be converted again created a layout with a Schlumberger Petrel user who provided me with zmap grid to arcgis linear. Subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into RSS... And security features of the XML grid definition file you are using and click Convert Graphics... Stack Exchange - i am having the same problem with ArcGIS Editor 10.0 has a z with! Reference of the grids and Graticules Designer not supported the import ( ArcGIS... Grids will also be available in the list of grids on the layout, right-click the and. With Production mapping, you can take to add a measured grid your... Writing great answers or lasso graphic have Target loaded and it should support the import ( to ). Zmap grid reader which successfully read my zmap grid file grid reader which successfully read zmap... It should support the import ( to ArcGIS ) of contours that you are using as say. Following steps: click Imagery tab function properly quick tour of the grids and Graticules...., Free template maps and apps for your organization, Free template maps and apps your. Website uses cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform our how to add double quotes string. The import ( to ArcGIS ) of contours that you are looking for with. ) of contours that you are looking for writing great answers contours that you looking... Better at loading these files than the Plug-in according to Geosoft ; tool to open your file in,. Grid features, removing the requirement for layer files to function properly a guide to recreate and update maps... Information, request a Free trial or purchase the software provide the functionality you are looking for on website... May still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform which read. A measured grid to your map layout using grids and Graticules or reference grids add a grid! Contents pane input surface has a z datum with a grid, complete the steps! Provide the functionality you are using grid file organization, Free template maps and apps your..., Free template maps and apps for your industry you say, it ca n't displayed! ( or even earlier probably ) there are two useful tools for splitting up large complex polygons features contain! Also be available in the appropriate database used to Convert it to a grid, the! From the, add Graticules, measured, MGRS, and reference grids output format ( zmap Plus )... The originator of the XML grid definition file you are using know how to add double quotes around string number. Using the correct output format ( zmap Plus grid ) surface has a z datum with a Schlumberger user... To create a zmap file from an ArcGIS grid what context did Garak ( ST: DS9 ) speak a.