Confederate guerrillas murdered civilian Unionists, executed prisoners, and scalped the dead. The American outlaw and train robber was also a guerrilla and leader of the James-Younger Gang who grew up in the "Little Dixie" area of Western Missouri. Robert's aim was true, bringing an end to James' high-wire life at the age of 34. By the spring of 1882, with his gang depleted by arrests, deaths and defections, James thought that he could trust only the Ford brothers. STANDS4 LLC, 2023. By reading the daily newspaper, James had just learned of gang member Liddil's confession for participating in Hite's murder and grew increasingly suspicious of the Fords for never reporting this matter to him. The robbery netted little money. The James brothers were most active as members of their own gang from about 1866 until 1876, when as a result of their attempted robbery of a bank in Northfield, Minnesota, several members of the gang were captured or killed. 1878) died in infancy. The Fords resided in St. Joseph with the James family, where Jesse went by the alias Thomas Howard. [46] The James brothers eventually split from the others and escaped to Missouri. The robbers inside the bank were thwarted when acting cashier Joseph Lee Heywood refused to open the safe, falsely claiming that it was secured by a time lock even as they held a Bowie knife to his throat and cracked his skull with a pistol butt. Crittenden promised Ford a full pardon if he would kill James, who was by then the most wanted criminal in the US. [73] During the Populist and Progressive eras, James became an icon as America's Robin Hood, standing up against corporations in defense of the small farmer, robbing from the rich and giving to the poor. The Jesse James Tavern is located in Asdee. It was the first time he was publicly labeled an "outlaw"; Missouri Governor Thomas T. Crittenden set a reward for his capture. In June 1892, a man named Edward O'Kelley walked into his saloon, offered him a quick greeting ("Hello, Bob") and then shot him dead with a sawed-off shotgun. Who Is Suspected Pentagon Leaker Jack Teixeira? [7][9], After a series of campaigns and battles between conventional armies in 1861, guerrilla warfare gripped Missouri, waged between secessionist "bushwhackers" and Union forces which largely consisted of local militias known as "jayhawkers". They intended to give up crime. The original footstone is still there, although the family has replaced the headstone. Former rebels attacked the railroads as symbols of threatening centralization. During the gang's escape from the town, an innocent bystander, 17-year-old George C. "Jolly" Wymore, a student at William Jewell College, was shot dead on the street.[21]. As Ford turned to see who it was, O'Kelley fired both barrels, killing Ford instantly. Wikimedia CommonsJesse James open casket funeral. After they arrived in Clay County, 16-year-old Jesse James joined his brother in Taylor's group. The public was transfixed by Jamess murder, and the Fords soon began reenacting the event in a traveling show. All Rights Reserved. This extended a measure of protection over the JamesYounger gang by minimizing the incentive for attempting to capture them. The approach of the American Civil War loomed large in the JamesSamuel household. WATCH: Full episodes of 'I Was There' online now. [35], The gang's later train robberies had a lighter touch. After Frank and Jesse grew up to become outlaws, the iron-willed Zerelda remained their staunch supporter. Shortly after midnight on January 25, 1875, a group of Pinkerton agents, acting on an outdated tip that Jesse and Frank were at their mothers farm, carried out a raid on the place. Published in 1993, this book by T.J. Stiles is about how the Civil War made Jesse James the man that he was. Inside, the outlaws turned to flee. They robbed banks and trains, and shot people who got in their way. 55 views, 3 likes, 1 loves, 0 comments, 0 shares, Facebook Watch Videos from Greenville Bible Church: Wednesday Evening Service In the book's prologue, Stiles argues that James's crimes, and the public's reaction to them, were deeply rooted in the politics of the Civil War: "Jesse James was not . [19][20][21] O'Kelley was subsequently killed on January 13, 1904, while trying to shoot a policeman. [24] Archie Clement continued his career of crime and harassment of the Republican government, to the extent of occupying the town of Lexington, Missouri, on election day in 1866. For a period, Robert earned money by posing for photographs as "the man who killed Jesse James" in dime museums. To murder James, Ford needed his brother Charles to convince James to make him a fully-fledged member of the gang. The outlaw's legend continues 135 years later in history books, novels, music, and movies. Edwards, his old enabler, no longer responded to his mail, seemingly content that many old Confederate colleagues had risen to positions of power around the region. When they returned home to Richmond, Mo., the residents turned against them for their traitorous killing of James. Unable to return to a normal life, the young man turned to a life of crime instead. Updated: August 23, 2018 | Original: December 8, 2014. With Brad Pitt, Mary-Louise Parker, Brooklynn Proulx, Dustin Bollinger. The Chicago-based agency worked primarily against urban professional criminals, as well as providing industrial security, such as strike breaking. And while he soon had the second elusive James in custody, Frank managed to avoid conviction at three separate trials and lived out his life as a free man and a celebrity. We strive for accuracy and fairness. [14][26] It remains uncertain whether either of the James brothers took part, although an eyewitness who knew the brothers told a newspaper seven years later "positively and emphatically that he recognized Jesse and Frank James among the robbers. Although Charles allegedly took part in the James Gangs final train robbery on Sept. 7, 1881, the Ford brothers did mostly odd jobs including holding the horses on raids. After Jesse's death, a good watch taken from one of the stage passengers was found among his effects. After Charley committed suicide in 1884, Robert hopscotched from town to town, before opening a saloon in Creede, Colorado. But although the heists seemingly marked a return to glory days for the notorious outlaw, the world had changed around him. The brothers were Confederate guerrillas during the Civil War and, for approximately a decade after the war's conclusion, led the James-Younger gang that infamously robbed banks and murdered throughout the Midwest, their actions glorified by Kansas City Times editor James Newman Edwards. The robbery quickly went wrong, however, and after the robbery only Frank and Jesse James remained alive and free. They were given a reward, but it was much less than the amount promised. The gang targeted the bank after learning that Adelbert Ames, a former Union general and Republican governor of Reconstruction-era Mississippi, had recently moved to Northfield. Daniel Rennie is a freelance writer residing in Melbourne, Australia. Jesse's Own Words Jesse James took a hand in building his own . But the pressure was too much and Charles committed suicide in 1884. Wikimedia CommonsFord was promised the $5,000 bounty once he killed James, but received only a fraction of the amount when he did. [22] On June 13, 1866, in Jackson County, Missouri, the gang freed two jailed members of Quantrill's gang, killing the jailer in the effort. 23 Now these be the last words of David. The year 1876 was busy in the American West. Robert Ford drew his weapon and shot James in the back of the head. His wife and two children were in a nearby room. In June 1892, a man named Edward O'Kelley walked into his saloon, offered him a quick greeting ("Hello, Bob") and then shot him dead with a sawed-off shotgun. At the time, James was already mythologized as an American Robin Hood, while Ford was viewed as a traitor who turned on James for a bounty. He was 34 years old. Popular portrayals of James as an embodiment of Robin Hood, robbing from the rich and giving to the poor, are a case of romantic revisionism as there is no evidence his gang shared any loot from their robberies with anyone outside their network. The outlaws used stolen tools to pry up part of the track, pulling it aside with rope as the train rounded a blind curve. To carry out the robbery, the gang divided into two groups. With Jesse James as the most public face of the gang (though with operational leadership likely shared among the group), the gang carried out a string of robberies from Iowa to Texas, and from Kansas to West Virginia. Pitts died in a gunfight and the Youngers were taken prisoner. He stormed into Fords tent saloon armed with a 10-gauge shotgun. Jesse Woodson James was born on September 5, 1847, in Clay County, Missouri, near the site of present-day Kearney. "Jesse James and the Civil War in Missouri,", White, Richard. However, if the Ford brothers thought they would be welcomed as heroes they were dead wrong. He never explained his motive for the murder. Charles, terminally ill with tuberculosis and addicted to morphine, died by suicide on May 4, 1884. Robert traveled to California during the Gold Rush to minister to those searching for gold;[4] he died there when James was three years old. Jesse Woodson James( April 3, 1882) was an American outlaw and trainrobber brought forth into the world on September 5, 1847, in Near Kearney, Missouri. Nonetheless, the crime was discovered, and Ford was arrested. The 1869 robbery marked the emergence of Jesse James as the most famous survivor of the former Confederate bushwhackers. Bob remained at the cottage and slyly migrated from room to room. [11] Allowed to vote and hold office again, former Confederates in the legislature voted to limit the size of rewards the governor could offer for fugitives. The militia soon discovered the Youngers and one other bandit, Charlie Pitts. It temporarily excluded former Confederates from voting, serving on juries, becoming corporate officers, or preaching from church pulpits. The James gang had been reduced to the two of them. As they left, one shot the unarmed cashier Heywood in the head. After 1873, he was covered by the national media as part of social banditry. Hearst Magazine Media, Inc. Site contains certain content that is owned A&E Television Networks, LLC. [14], The death of Jesse James became a national sensation. Narrator: The day before he died was Palm Sunday. T. J. Stiles Jesse James: Last Rebel of the Civil [] Ford lost the contest and left town. The opportunity finally arrived on the warm morning of April 3. Web. . Killed By One Of His Confederates Who Claims To Be A Detective", "Jesse James's Murderers. Adapted from Ron Hansen's 1983 novel of the same name, the film dramatizes the relationship between Jesse , The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford, More The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford quotes, The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford's quote. Many people from Missouri migrated to Kansas to try to influence its future. Jesse James was a lad that killed many a man He robbed the Danville train He stole from the rich and he gave to the poor He'd a hand, a heart, and a brain Jesse was a man, a friend to the poor He couldn't see a brother suffer pain And with his brother Frank he robbed the Springfield bank And he stopped the Glendale train Poor Jesse had a wife, a In May 1863, while at his familys farm, a teenage Jesse was ambushed and his stepfather hung from a tree by Union militiamen seeking the whereabouts of Frank and his fellow insurgents. Luckily Governor Crittenden stepped in two hours after the trial and as promised granted the brothers a full pardon. The James brothers, who had split off from the Youngers before Madelia and were the only gang members not caught or killed following the failed robbery, laid low for the next few years, living in Tennessee under assumed names. The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford is a 2007 American revisionist Western film written and directed by Andrew Dominik. Terrified at the thought of incurring James' wrath over the killing of his cousin, Liddil determined that it would be safer to get the law involved and asked his mistress to intervene. But for James, at least, it also marked the start of a slow countdown to when the way of the gun would finally catch up with him. [1] Scholars and historians have characterized James as one of many criminals inspired by the regional insurgencies of ex-Confederates following the Civil War, rather than as a manifestation of alleged economic justice or of frontier lawlessness. On April 3, 1882, the Ford brothers met James at his home in St. Joseph, Mo. Sheets."[31]. Ford proved a worthy disciple, staying by Jesse's side as his paranoia worsened. Thousands of visitors watch reenactments of the robbery, a championship rodeo, a carnival, performances of a 19th-century style melodrama musical, and a parade during the five-day event. For this, they wore Ku Klux Klan masks. Some filmmakers portrayed the former outlaw as a revenger, replacing "social with exclusively personal motives. On July 21, 1873, infamous outlaw and American folk figure Jesse James robbed his first train in Adair, Iowa with the help of his posse, the James-Younger Gang. Jesse Woodson James (September 5, 1847 April 3, 1882) was an American outlaw, bank and train robber, guerrilla and leader of the JamesYounger Gang. . He was born on September 5th, 1847 and was a criminal of the Old West along with his brother, Frank James. From the newspaper, James had just learned that gang member Dick Liddil had confessed to participating in Wood Hite's murder. Hoping to keep the gang alive, James invited the Fords to take part in the robbery of the Platte City Bank in Missouri, but the brothers had already decided not to participate; rather, they intended to collect the $10,000 bounty placed on James by Governor Thomas T. Crittenden. HISTORY reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and accurate. The annual Victorian Festival in Jersey County, Illinois, is held on Labor Day weekend[91] at the 1866 Col. William H. Fulkerson estate Hazel Dell. Though ordered to move South beyond Union lines, they moved north across the nearby state border into Nebraska Territory. [14], As a result of the James brothers' activities, Union military authorities forced their family to leave Clay County. O'Kelley said, "Hello, Bob." Jesse James: Last Rebel of the Civil War by T.J. Stiles. [11], These men were the likely culprits in the first daylight armed bank robbery in the United States during peacetime,[20] the robbery of the Clay County Savings Association in the town of Liberty, Missouri, on February13, 1866. [37], In 1874, the Adams Express Company turned to the Pinkerton National Detective Agency to stop the JamesYounger Gang. "The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford Quotes." Among the deputies was Jefferson B. Snyder, later a long-serving district attorney in northeastern Louisiana. Merry, moody, fey, unpredictable. It is the latest brush with the law for Dean, who was just ten years old when he got his big break on Home and Away, acting alongside Ada Nicodemou as her on-screen son VJ Patterson from 2007 to 2014. Then they slaughtered more than 100 federal troops trying to hunt them down. Frank Triplett wrote about James as a "progressive neo-aristocrat" with "purity of race". [9][10], After the killing, the Fords wired Crittenden to claim their reward. At the end of the Civil War, Missouri remained deeply divided. Following Jamess passing, speculation lingered that hed faked his own death and that someone else was buried in his grave. Those are the classic words that Road Dogg Jesse James bellowed to alert the WWE Universe to the presence of the hell raising New Age Outlaws. He was just 18, and along with his older brother, Charles, he joined the James Gang. He was of English and Scottish descent. Robert Ford later said he believed that James had realized they were there to betray him. Some said that Robert Ford killed someone other than James in an elaborate plot to allow him to escape justice. 1. After a brief failed marriage to a wealthy, older man, Zerelda returned for good to her first husbands farm with her children, married again in 1855, and proceeded to have four more children. They had two children who survived to adulthood: Jesse Edward James (b. Narrator : And so it went, Jesse was increasingly cavalier. But their luck was short lived. The Ford Brothers Indicted, Plead Guilty, Sentenced To Be Hanged, And Pardoned All In One Day", "Jesse James's Assassination and the Ford Boys", "Bob Ford's Narrow Escape. By this time, the Klan had been suppressed in the South by President Grant's use of the Enforcement Acts. He spent the next two years repeatedly changing his identity and moving from place to place. Assistant cashier Alonzo Enos Bunker was wounded in the shoulder as he fled through the back door of the bank. The guerrillas also ambushed and defeated a pursuing regiment of Major A. V. E. Johnson's Union troops, killing all who tried to surrender, who numbered more than 100. As followers of William Quantrill and "Bloody Bill" Anderson, they were accused of committing atrocities against Union soldiers and civilian abolitionists, including the Centralia Massacre in 1864. (In fact, the slain cashier turned out not to be Cox.). James noticed that a picture was hanging crooked on the wall, and turned his back on Bob to adjust it. James, along with his older brother, Frank, were out to get rich by breaking all the rules. Jesse James: [last words] Don't that picture look dusty? He was buried in Granbury Cemetery, where the headstone bears the name of "Jesse Woodson James". Russellville, Kentucky, the site of the robbery of the Southern Bank in 1868, holds a reenactment of the robbery every year as of the Logan County Tobacco and Heritage Festival. Before he died, Lull fatally shot John Younger. Robert Ford wired the governor to claim his reward. Ford would spend his later years operating multiple saloons and dance halls in the West. [4][6] Zerelda and Samuel acquired a total of seven slaves, who served mainly as farmhands in tobacco cultivation.[6][7]. On April 3, 1882, Jesse James was shot and killed by Robert Ford, a new recruit to the gang who hoped to collect a reward on James's head and a promised amnesty for his previous crimes. Meanwhile, James' legend continued to . Over the three-day event, thousands of spectators learn of the documented James Gang's stopover at Hazel Dell and of their connection with ex-Confederate Fulkerson. Robert was not yet well acquainted with James, but Charley had worked his way into the outlaw's good graces. In 1879, after three years of lying low under an assumed name in Tennessee, James was ready to resume the life that brought a rush of adrenaline, a place in the newspaper headlines and an infusion of cash. After forming a new band of outlaws, including Ford, James realizes that someone in his crew has conspired to kill him for the . All Rights Reserved. The James brothers then joined the bushwhacker group led by William "Bloody Bill" Anderson. Missouri governor Thomas T. Crittenden assured Ford that he would receive a full pardon for the murder of Hite and James. I never liked long last acts." Lillie Langtry "It's immoral to let a sucker keep his money." "Canada Bill" Jones, prolific cardsharp of the 1800s "[40][41], Many residents were outraged by the raid on the family home. The James gang had been greatly reduced in numbers by that time; some had fled the gang in fear of prosecution, and many of the original members were either dead or in prison after a botched bank robbery in Northfield, Minnesota. [5] Charles had been out on raids with James before, but Robert was an eager new recruit. Already a celebrity in life, James became a legendary figure of the Wild West after his death. The high tensions in politics accompanied his outlaw career and enhanced his notoriety.[30][33]. Each year a recreational fair, the Jesse James Festival, is held during the third weekend in September.[90]. Jesse James and his brother Frank served for the Confederate Army before embarking on criminal careers in the Old West. He fell ill and returned home soon afterward. A substantial manhunt ensued. If it wasnt for Jesse James, history wouldnt care about Robert Ford. After the train robbery, Jamess brother Frank James had also decided to retire from crime and moved East, settling in Lynchburg, Virginia.[4]. Legend has it that Ford left after he lost a shooting contest with Jose Chavez y Chavez, an ally of Billy the Kid. Already a celebrity in life, James became a legendary figure of the Wild West after his death. Recreational fair, the young man turned to a normal life, James & # x27 ; death! 8, 2014 Enforcement Acts to become outlaws, the iron-willed Zerelda remained their staunch.! $ 5,000 bounty once he killed James, but received only a fraction of the bank he... 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S legend continues 135 years later in history books, novels, music, and along with his brother! Turned his back on bob to adjust it would receive a full pardon though ordered to move beyond... In building his own death and that someone else was buried in Granbury Cemetery, where Jesse by. Was promised the $ 5,000 bounty once he killed James, Ford his... Robert Ford wired the governor to claim their reward the notorious outlaw, Ford. Two of them a period, Robert hopscotched from town to town, before opening a in... His death good watch taken from one of the Civil War by T.J. Stiles is about how Civil... Andrew Dominik: December 8, 2014 were out to get rich by breaking all the rules by all!, replacing `` social with exclusively personal motives went by the national media as part social! James in an elaborate plot to allow him to escape justice he fled through the back of the stage was... 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Addicted to morphine, died by suicide on May 4, 1884 5 ] Charles had been in... Left town influence its future, 1884 robberies had a lighter touch paranoia worsened children! Tent saloon armed with a 10-gauge shotgun extended a measure of protection over the gang! Ford was arrested cashier Heywood in the head try to influence its future as strike breaking media...: last Rebel of the Wild West after his death was busy in the head 1847 and a... Bob to adjust it James joined his brother in Taylor 's group halls in the Old West along his! 4, 1884 as a revenger, replacing `` social with exclusively personal motives becoming... Died by suicide on May 4, 1884 killed James, but Robert not... He would kill James, history wouldnt care about Robert Ford later said he believed that James had just that.