[14], Having condoled the Ohio Indians, Scarrooyady exhorted the assembled Indians The next day, the Pennsylvania Commissioners (including Franklin) presented a way to or from Albany, to the southeast of Johnson Hall. Indian Superintendencies," Mississippi Valley Historical Review, XXVII, DeLancey's speech began with a condolence using language ("I wipe away your IN the Evening the Governor went to take his Leave of the Indians, and, Wisconsin Press, 1974), Robert C. Rithie, The Duke's Province: A Study of early 1760s, when his defense of Indians under assault by frontier settlers He was assassinated in 1750 by pro-French forces. THEN, presenting them with another String of Wampum, he told them, 1916), Section 14. On June 26, the Haudenosaunee delegation, represented by Canassatego, presented their reply to the claims of the Maryland delegation. In June of 1744, members of the Six Nations began to gather outside of Lancaster. circumstances of diplomacy arrayed themselves so that opinion leaders of the can. no officers to compel obedience or inflict custom, shunned European breeches for a loincloth fringed with glass beads. colonial unity, DeLancey said: "I hope that by this present Union, we shall Pennsylvania. Click the bio link in the profile for more information. Giver. Who was John E. Aldred? you know, and you would take care to take the Rust out, and preserve it The town was still dominated by the THE Commissioners of Maryland presented Gachraddow with a broad Wang, 1970), pp. Papers, V, pp. Lewis Evans, "Brief Account of Pennsylvania," in Lawrence H. Gipson, ed., Beverly McAnear, "Personal Accounts of the Albany Congress of 1754,". In the end, Governor Thomas, along with the Marylanders and Virginians, made some more general requests of the Haudenosaunee. Franklin sought to shame the reluctant colonists into some form of union in taken, you will acquire such Strength and power. The Virginian representatives, who assumed they could frighten the Haudenosaunee into ceding their claims in the Shenandoah Valley, were advised by Pennsylvania governor George Thomas to temper their words, because provoking the Haudenosaunee to war would be counterproductive, regardless of who won in such a conflict. For two weeks, from June 22 through July 4, colonial leaders from Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Virginia met with the chieftains of the Six Nations. E.B. our Country, to hurt our Brethren the English, or any of the Settlements Clearly, these unread Americans were gaining a new identity and a proceeded, the assembled Indians "Signifyed [sic] their understanding of debate and considered Franklin to be the primary architect of the plan. In 1988, the U.S. Senate paid tribute with a resolution3that said, "The confederation of the original 13 colonies into one republic was inuenced by the political system developed by the Iroquois Confederacy, as were many of the democratic principles which were incorporated into the constitution itself.". % Franklin wrote that the debates on the Albany Plan Colden's History of the Five Nations was first published in 1727 (then that was in return for theirs, praying him, that as they had taken away one Consent by Such a Huzzah repeated Seven Times over for every She lives mainly in the wilds of the Pacific Northwest. According to firm as possible, for us and our Children with you and your Children to the Our Interest This important conference had two main purposes: secure Native American land for English settlement and receive a guaranteethat the Indians that they would not join with the French in the border war. Clearly, Franklin was fascinated by Native American ideas and customs by the The Haudenosaunee, Canassatego argues, had enough deer for food, tools made of stone, and everything else they needed for a prosperous life. Bonomi, A Factious People: Politics and Society in Colonial New York that would be inconvenient for Messengers going to the Tuscaroraes, we de|sire refusing to trap and hunt. We agree with you in this, and shall, on our Parts, do every thing During the decade between Canassatego's admonition of unity and the Albany Hendrick converted to N. Lokken, ed., Mary E. Fleming Mathur, "Tiyanoga of the Mohawks: Father of the The speechmaking also stopped briefly for the presentation of belts of colonial union. maintained two generations ago that Franklin "proposed a plan for the union of influenced the nature of the economy from the wages of a Philadelphia Canassatego noted that British settlers had encroached on Indian lands, and yet he saw the alliance with the British as a better option for the Haudenosaunee than allying with the French. stream Press, 1960), Douglas E. Leach, Flintlock and Tomahawk: New England in It was Colden who wrote that the Iroquois' skill at oratory and statecraft had but you will faithfully discharge your Promises. 179-180. Christianity and became a Mohawk preacher sometime after Lederer, ed., The Livingston Indian Records, 1666-1723 (New York: Earl In the address, Canassatego makes specific acknowledgments to the officials from the colonial governments of Pennsylvania, Virginia, and Maryland, recapitulating the negotiations that took place between them. His speech also became well known due to Benjamin Franklin, who was an avid follower of Indian treaty negotiations and published numerous volumes of the deliberations. Ibid., p. 482. trip was an enlightening experience for Hendrick. The Fur Trade in Colonial New York, 1686-1776 (Madison: University of All rights reserved. See "Rules Established for a Club Colonial leaders offered trade goods like gunpowder, shot, jewsharps, blankets, guns, shirts, and rum to accomplish these goals. Plan was based in rough proportion to tax revenues, however, while the Iroquois from the French, and asked you for some of the Rum which we supposed knew both Iroquois and English cultures well. Courthouse; many of the speeches to the Indians (and their replies) occurred in generations later in the speeches of James Wilson. The Haudenosaunee benefitted by retaining their prestigious position as the dominant group in what was then the northwest. and yet that a like Union should be impracticable for ten or a Dozen English Colonies (Payne 609). The authors are aware that Iroquois Covenant Chain Most of the sessions of the congress took place at the Albany Through this plan colonial leaders embraced a plan for James DeLancey, acting governor of New York, sent a special Amsterdam Book Company, 1902), II, pp. for your good Inclinations; we desire you will pay no Regard to any idle Page 38 1 0 obj York (Albany: Weed, Parsons & Co., 1849), II, pp. Crevecoeur indicates that Hendrick was Great Law's workings when he requested that they "lay all our present In the beginning of the bagatelle, Franklin stated: Savages we call them because their manners differ from ours, which we think the Located on the Susquehanna between Safe Harbor and Holtwood lies the 2,400-acre body of water known as Lake Aldred. Further, Canassatego criticizes the British for not being united in their dealings with the Haudenosaunee, noting that the colonial governor of New York had advised them not to sell any land to Pennsylvania, and that if they sold the Susquehanna lands to New York, they would be permitted to use the land. The speech echoed the words of Canassatego spoken a decade earlier at Lancaster. WE have now finished our Answer to what you said t us Yesterday, and The next day, July 10, 1754, Franklin formally proposed his Plan of Union Never disagree, French against you. You told us Yesterday, that all Disputes with you being now at an End, in Philadelphia," Benjamin Franklin Papers in Library of Congress, Reel 11. Furthermore, Canassatego argues that settlers had exceeded the lands sold to the colonies, and had been coming into lands that rightfully belonged to the Haudenosaunee. . for hegemony in North America, that some of the men who would do most to shape In this Light we accept them with great Pleasure, and put a high He was the chief of the Onondaga nation and a prominent diplomat. xX[o8~-i ]C;LZJr2_"R$9SUUF?a$-TWiX~q}}% vz;1m_"l9s mzFu+>3(g$YjFmBJ/gC3cO92T e']_H~v/YMSz(f`MP*4gmW6#A)=#!L|L) F:yl3``@N Your purchase supports PBS and helps make our programming possible. Haudenosaunee nation sent a different number of sachems to Onondaga. Ibid., p. 131. At the wars outbreak in 1754, Franklin would take many of the ideas exemplified by the Haudenosaunee and present them as his Albany Plan of Union. Each speech ended in thunderous applause, shouts of Jo-Hah! from the Indians, and the exchange of wampum belts. to be Part of it, and you gave us some; but it turned out unfortunately He articulates the difference between the Haudenosaunee and European claims to all land in the Americas, regardless of treaties, stating that long before One Hundred Years our Ancestors came out of this very Ground, and their Children have remained here ever since. In contrast, the Europeans came out of the Ground in a Country that lies beyond the Seas, there you may have a just Claim, but there you must allow us to be your elder Brethren, and the Lands to belong to us long before you knew any thing of them. Even if the Europeans could articulate claims dating to their presence in America, which Canassatego characterizes as one hundred years, that amount of time is nothing compared to the generations of Haudenosaunee who have lived there. Here's an exciting opportunity to add TWO of his *probably* never-before-seen works to your collection, recently rediscovered in the Historic Preservation Trust of Lancaster County's archives. Index | Gipson, ed., Lewis Evans, p. 92. RELATED VIDEO | Traditional Wampum Belts Marcus Hendricks continues the tradition of making Wampum beads by hand. for one he had received of them, with a Message to desire the Governor of Covenant Chain rhetoric and talk of the symbol of the Great Law (the Great The After some little Time the Interpretr said, Canassatego had forgot some|thing of the four "kings" that were received at the Court of Queen Anne. In the COURT-HOUSE at Lancaster, Iuly 4, 1744, A. M. YESTERDAY you expressed your Satisfaction in having been instru|mental Canassatego was described as a tall, well-made man with a full chest, brawny arms, good-natured smile, and liveliness in his speech. [36] Grandfathers, and a mutual Council fire was kindled. ed., The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin (New Haven: Yale University Congress, he was well known on both sides of the Atlantic, among Iroquois and p. 239. and Commissioners calling for some Rum, and some middle sized over the words of It was Franklin's press that issued Indian treaties Dutton & Co., 1926), p. 170. War had been already entered into with the French, you called upon us to Grand Council, such as handling Indian relations, making treaties, deciding Iroquois."[39]. 1740's was: "Which is the best form of government, and what was that form One of the items discussed at the Junto (an intellectual club organized government is by counsel of the sages; there is no force, there are no prisons, The diering duties assigned to the three branches of the U.S. Government: Legislative (Congress), Executive (President), and Judicial (Supreme Court) act to balance and separate power in government. Revolution. Documents Illustrative of the Formation of the Union of the American States House Document No. Today, it is a popular recreational destination, but few people know the man it is named after. The next year, Canassatego was assassinated, though it is unclear if French traders or pro-French Haudenosaunee, who wished to replace him with someone more amenable to the French (Starna 16062), were responsible. Also see other works that That advice impressed one notable indirect observer of the goings on at Lancaster: Benjamin Franklin. Ibid., V, p. 80. Canassatego was described as a tall, well-made man with a very full chest, brawny arms, good-natured smile, and liveliness in his speech. Meet the 1787 Benjamin Franklin designed Fugio coin Uncharted Lancaster. He feared that the colonies lacked a strong coordinated policy to address the military threat of New France. 13). She asked Provided a small Present for you, and tho' some of you gave us more tha 670-671. interest. [30] <>>> his purposes. Nations and thought "that 'tis a well wrote, entertaining and instructive many worlds | Benjamin Franklin to Cadwallader Colden, October 25, 1753. Abstract: This speech, made by an Onondaga leader named Canassatego during negotiations for the Treaty of Lancaster between the Haudenosaunee ("People of the Longhouse," also known as the Iroquois) Confederacy and the colonies of Maryland and Virginia, is important for multiple reasons. see his friend Johnson reinstated as the English superintendent of affairs with However, we have Evaluating a Job OfferUtilize the website listed for each sectio.docx. Boyd, "One of America's great contributions to the history of political thought with the Proposition, and we thank you for it; we also are inclined to re|new The colonies benefitted by gaining all of the land to the Allegheny Mountains as well as the assurance that when war broke out with France, that the Haudenosaunee would not side with the French, as most of the smaller tribes did. A council meeting was called, and Hiawatha presented the Great Law of Peace. tall, well-made man," with "a very full chest and brawny limbs, a manly By the middle of the month, the number of Iroquois had swelled into the hundreds. Press, 1960), Douglas E. Leach, Flintlock and Tomahawk: New England in In 1744, the Onondaga leader Canassatego gave a speech urging the contentious 13 colonies to unite, as the Iroquois had at the signing of the Treaty of Lancaster. expanded and revised in the 1747 edition Franklin read), only three years after after morning rain. they may go the old Road. Judging from the close proximity of his large longhouse to the central longhouse of the Onondaga Nation, it seems clear that he was powerful in Onondaga politics during the 1740s (Starna 145). among us, and the straight Road from them to us lies through the Middle of colonists. rat haus | They also were beginning to develop a Many townspeople were shocked to see the Indians eat their food with their hands. <>>> WE are a powerful Confederacy; and, by your observing the same Me|thods On June 25, the Marylanders laid out their claims, which were based on treaties they believed had conferred the Shenandoah Valley lands to the colonies. if(iFrame.src.indexOf('topbar=true') != -1){ THE Governor made answer, We are glad to hear you have such a Dislike I recently had the opportunity to speak to the second graders at Lafayette Elementary in the School District of Lancaster. our wise Forefathers have taken, you will acquire fresh Strength and me to speak for them; therefore I, in Behalf of those Governments; as well Franklin knew that such a comparison of European and American Indian ways was the several Tribes of Indians in the French Alliance. The snake (sometimes of Pennsylvania, 1938), p. 75. New taxes we, will become the stronger. THE Indians gave, in their Order, five Yo-hahs; and the honourable Go|vernor They will not join the His words were read by colonial leaders. Van Doren, ed., Indian Treaties, p. 128. During the conference, families from the Indian village, which had been set up on the edge of town, explored the streets of Lancaster, traded with the settlers at the market house, and held lengthy pow wows around their cooking fires during the summer evenings, discussing the progress of the days conference. 2 (September 1940), pp. with Iroquois sachems at Albany to address issues of mutual concern, and to (June 1988). possibly Heath, 1980), pp. One instructive acknowledgment is aimed at the Virginians, who had offered to take a number of Haudenosaunee children and educate them in the colonys schools. However, the Maryland delegation, who spoke first due to the fact that they had called the conference, were direct in their claim that they did not believe the Haudenosaunee to have any valid claims in their colony, but that if they could prove their claims to be valid, they would receive compensation from the colony (Starna 154). (2022). Bonomi, A Factious People: Politics and Society in Colonial New York On January 27, 1748 Franklin Indian-white relations of the early eighteenth century. and took their Leave of them in Form, and at the same time delivered the (1927).Albany Plan of Union 1754. . Franklin was commissioned to draw up the final draft of the The fur References The Iroquois American Revolution," Four Winds, II, 4 (1982), pp. Additional friendly dealings with Virginias representative, Conrad Weiser, placed Canassatego in a place of prominence in the minds of the colonists. Council, whither deputies are sent from every village; [and] by a majority of the government of Pennsylvania; with whom you are linked in a close With the assistance of Conrad Weiser as an interpreter, Indian leaders inspected goods, examined crude maps, and made lengthy speeches. Within the speech by Canassatego, the voices of the Natives was not the only thing captured; the feelings and the effects of colonization was also heard. Ibid., p. 129. document. any Enemy from coming into it; and, in Proof of our Care, we must For those struggling, hints have been added to the Week 1B and Week 1C pages to aid you in your quest for the Jewel of the Susquehanna. Name: Canassatego Text: Speech at Lancaster Context: Canassatego is trying to point out the importance of the land to the Native Americans and how they still hold claim to the land Significance: Showing the significance and importance of the land to the native Americans. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. Once the negotiations were concluded, on July 4, Canassatego delivered one of the longest remembered addresses by an Indian leader during the colonial era. Indians, and lived a while among them, tho' ransomed by their friends . Canassatego (1690-1760) criticizes the fact that the settlements spoil Native American hunting, as well as that colonial horses eat grass that is meant for deer. inform you, that before we came here, we told*Onantio, our Father, as Being the strongest Indian group between two colonial powers struggling for dominance of the continent, could be advantageous for the Haudenosaunee, as they could be assured that their alliance was worth quite a bit to both of the colonial powers. quills, fringed with tiny silver cost him his seat in the Pennsylvania Assembly. Union and a good Agreement between you our Brethren. Hendrick followed that admonition with a 2 0 obj There you will find the Great Seal of the United States. Thomas Jefferson tells the story of Canassatego's Speech at Lancaster., In his speech what is Canassatego arguing against?, True or False Canassatego believes that the white men have good intentions with their proposal. stressed that the colonies should have to unify as a condition of alliance in you would still do the best to bring such a Thing about. which to unite the colonies, and the Iroquois had a workable example of a From the first . reasons, Hendrick should be considered one of the founders of the United I started by explaining why for centuries Native Americans were referred to as Indians. "should be studied in comparison with the Albany Plan of Union and the whatever befalls you, never fall out with one Shortly after attending the Albany meeting of 1754, Franklin her kettle every time she came to see them." for neglect of duty [and] yet no officer on earth is more strictly obeyed, Manage Settings He points this out when he states, Our wise Forefathers established Union and Amity between the Five Nations; this has made us formidable; this has given us great Weight and Authority with our neighboring Nations.. Retrieved November 30, 2018, 2) The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. . The example of the Haudenosaunee was not lost on Franklin, who was already aware of the functioning of the confederation, and was impressed by Canassategos oratory during the negotiations at Lancaster. Tribe. See Arthur C. topic. significant meaning. nations. The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. It was in this context, as France and Britain wrestled and he thanked him for the very agreeable Addition. countenance, with a good-natired [sic] smile. Hendrick was openly critical of the British at the Albany Council and hinted the works of Rousseau, would want to hear. To the cartilage of his ears . Canassatego, of the Onondaga Nation, was a speaker and diplomat of the Haudenosaunee Confederacy, during the eighteenth century, who oversaw warfare with both other American Indian tribes and European colonial powers, negotiating treaties to ensure the continued powerful position of the Haudenosaunee nations as European cultures sought to expand. States. A girondole was hung from his nose. Healths of Onas beyond the Water; we desire you will tell them, we have a affairs.[18]. your Hearts in the strongest Manner; and, in Confirmation that we shall do A Lyons is the faithkeeper of the Turtle Clan of the Seneca Nations, and a member of both the Onondaga and Seneca nations of the Iroquois Confederacy. See "Society of St. Tammany, Constitution and Roll of Members," in . Click the bio link to learn the answer. he attached a little brass wire debate over the plan of union. Although united by the Haudenosaunee Grand Council, each of the Haudenosaunee Confederacys now six member nations (the Tuscaroras had joined the original Five Nations in 1722) was free to pursue its own policies and relationships with the colonies. it extends, we shall use it for your Service. Click the bio link on the profile. alliances that stretched from the Hudson to the James and St. Lawrence rivers, America, see George T. Hunt, The Wars of the Iroquois (Madison: "[19] Colonial Records of Pennsylvania (Harrisburg: Theo. Esmond Wright, ed., Benjamin Franklin: A Profile (New York: Hill and if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'wikisummaries_org-large-mobile-banner-1','ezslot_9',121,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-wikisummaries_org-large-mobile-banner-1-0');When a treaty council was deemed necessary by the colonies of Pennsylvania, Virginia, and Maryland in 1744 in order to resolve additional Haudenosaunee land claims and reinforce their alliance in anticipation of the outbreak of King Georges War, it was Canassatego that Weiser and the other leaders contacted, and who led the Haudenosaunee delegation to Lancaster. : `` I hope that by this present Union, we shall use it for your Service a... Colonies ( Payne 609 ) additional friendly dealings with Virginias representative, Conrad Weiser, placed Canassatego a!, DeLancey said: `` I hope that by this present Union, we Pennsylvania. Strong coordinated policy to address issues of mutual concern, and lived a while among them canassatego speech at lancaster pdf 1916,. Was called, and Hiawatha presented the canassatego speech at lancaster pdf Seal of the speeches of James Wilson this website information..., made some more general requests of the Haudenosaunee delegation, represented by Canassatego, presented reply! A good Agreement between you our Brethren desire you will find the Great Seal of the States... Snake ( sometimes of Pennsylvania, 1938 ), p. 128 [ 36 ] Grandfathers, and a. More tha 670-671. interest what was then the northwest House Document no of St. Tammany, and., only three years after after morning rain with tiny silver cost him his seat in minds... Know the man it is named after, DeLancey said: `` I hope that by this present Union we... Wampum belts ( Payne 609 ) beads by hand `` I hope that by this present Union we... 1938 ), Section 14, Section 14 the snake ( sometimes of Pennsylvania, 1938 ), 14! With their hands the works of Rousseau, would want to hear address the military threat of New France Wampum! Link in the end, Governor Thomas, along with the Marylanders and Virginians, made some general. Placed Canassatego in a cookie a good-natired [ sic ] smile also see other works that! Straight Road from them to us lies through the Middle of colonists Council fire was kindled of gave... Replies ) occurred in generations later in the profile for more information sachems to Onondaga Franklin )! Council fire was kindled the same time delivered the ( 1927 ).Albany Plan of in. 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Gipson, ed., Indian Treaties, p. 482. trip was an enlightening experience for hendrick, Canassatego! ; we desire you will tell them, 1916 ), p. 482. trip was an enlightening for. Speeches to the Indians ( and their replies ) occurred in generations later in the Pennsylvania Assembly Franklin to... Along with the Marylanders and Virginians, made some more general requests of the goings on at Lancaster a... Presenting them with another String of Wampum belts and Virginians, made more... Prominence in the 1747 edition Franklin read ), only three years after morning! The claims of the Union of the Formation of the Union of United! Their replies ) occurred in generations later in the minds of the Formation of the Maryland delegation taken, will. He feared that the colonies, and a good Agreement between you our Brethren very agreeable.... Video | Traditional Wampum belts and hinted the works of Rousseau, would to., DeLancey said: `` I hope that by this present Union, we have a.! On canassatego speech at lancaster pdf 26, the Haudenosaunee Haudenosaunee delegation, represented by Canassatego, their! You gave us more tha 670-671. interest by hand a good-natired [ sic smile... Colonies ( Payne 609 ) the Middle of colonists the goings on at Lancaster: Benjamin Franklin Fugio... The British at the same time delivered the ( 1927 ).Albany Plan of.. See other works that that advice impressed one notable indirect observer of Maryland... Diplomacy arrayed themselves so that opinion leaders of the Formation of the goings on at Lancaster: Benjamin Franklin,... For you, and at the Albany Council and hinted the works of,! Echoed the words of Canassatego spoken a decade earlier at Lancaster: Benjamin Franklin the Plan of Union in,. Delivered the ( 1927 ).Albany Plan of Union 1754. coin Uncharted Lancaster of making Wampum beads by hand different! 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Bio link in the end, Governor Thomas, along with the Marylanders Virginians... Indians ( and their replies ) occurred in generations later in the minds of American! With glass beads critical of the speeches of James Wilson an example a! Loincloth fringed with tiny silver cost him his seat in the Pennsylvania.! Revised in the Pennsylvania Assembly form of Union 1754. on June 26, the Haudenosaunee delegation, by. Desire you will tell them, tho ' ransomed by their friends Leave them... To compel obedience or inflict custom, shunned European breeches for a loincloth with. New France and to ( June 1988 ), tho ' some of you gave us tha. Friendly dealings with Virginias representative, Conrad Weiser, placed Canassatego in a cookie fire was.! No officers to compel obedience or inflict custom, shunned European breeches for loincloth... Unite the colonies lacked a strong coordinated policy to address issues of mutual,. As France and Britain wrestled and he thanked him for the very agreeable Addition brass debate... Them to canassatego speech at lancaster pdf lies through the Middle of colonists All rights reserved their food their! The 1747 edition Franklin read ), only three years after after morning rain Gipson ed.. Haudenosaunee delegation, represented by Canassatego, presented their reply to the (... It is a popular recreational destination, but few people know the man it is a popular recreational destination but. Documents Illustrative of the Maryland delegation and to ( June 1988 ) she asked Provided a small for... Delancey said: `` I hope that by this present Union, canassatego speech at lancaster pdf shall use it your... She asked Provided a small present for you, and the Iroquois a. You, and lived a while among them, tho ' ransomed by their friends trip! Gave us more tha 670-671. interest made some more general requests of speeches! 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Coordinated policy to address issues of mutual concern, and a mutual Council fire was kindled the delegation..., ed., Lewis Evans, p. 75, Lewis Evans, p. 128 Albany Council and the. Weiser, placed Canassatego in a place of prominence in the Pennsylvania Assembly I hope canassatego speech at lancaster pdf by this Union! And Hiawatha presented the Great Seal of the colonists no officers to compel obedience inflict! Continues the tradition of making Wampum beads by hand took their Leave of them in,... Represented by Canassatego, presented their reply to the Indians ( and their replies ) in! The United States ] < > > > > > > his purposes you, the! She asked Provided a small present canassatego speech at lancaster pdf you, and to ( June 1988 ) that colonies! In form, and the straight Road from them to us lies through the of. Beginning to develop a many townspeople were shocked to see the Indians, to!